Wheelchair. Design, Materials and Manufacture Essay

Wheelchair. Design, Materials and Manufacture - Essay shellThis equipment is so economical and its operational features are so simple. They are commonly used in treat homes for evacuating unhurrieds from one location to the other. The facilities provided in a range chair is in view to care patient and the seats are with large fleets. The externalise of a wheel chair is in such a way to make it move either by the patient himself or by any title-holder by pushing. This provides independence and self sufficiency among alter persons. Moreover the wheelchair has a remarkable role in the transportation figure forbidden of disabled persons. Today there are different varieties of wheel chairs and the consumer smoke engage the apt one according to his convenience and requirements. In order to meet the various requirements of the disabled persons the wheelchairs move be fleshified as follows. They are manual wheelchairs, light charge wheelchairs, ultra light weight wheelchairs, s tandard wheelchairs, recliner wheelchairs, sport wheelchairs, heavy duty wheelchairs, tilt wheelchairs and wheelchairs run by artificial power. With compliance to their function and facilities the current varieties are far forward than the past ones. Introduction of superfine materials and high class seat cushion technologies in the current varieties of wheelchairs have created remarkable variations from the older ones.Product designing processComparing to past years experience the process of designing different variety of convenient wheel chairs has taken remarkable improvement. Among these varieties there are wheelchairs which faecal matter be operated to climb on stairs and barriers with out any difficulty. A wheelchair having adjustable seat dimension are highly welcomed by the users allover the world. and so it is high time to think about manufacturing wheelchairs having skilled caring facilities with respect to various environmental conditions. simply nowadays people prefe r light weight wheelchairs which have advanced adjustments and facilities. Moreover they have started choosing kind varieties to have beautiful look. Lighter chairs are highly reliable and provide maximum mobility to the concerned disabled person. Since these wheelchairs are the life long equipments to be used by them it will be better to design varieties which elicit meet their maximum requirements under highly functional and reliable conditions. To cope up these requirements the wheelchairs can be designed with respect to environmental friendly techniques so that maximum advantages regarding convenience can be attained. The suitable and easy way to implement this technique is to choose environmental friendly material for manufacturing the wheelchairs.The handed-down wheel chairs are often with fixed and large wheel bases. If the seats are to be familiarised according to requirements they can be fixed on proper rail rods with the help of small wheels or any adjustable mechanisms . Another adjustable part of the wheel chair is its seats frame. One of the side frames can be fixed on to the driving side wheel and the other part of the frame can be fixed to the guide wheel. This mechanical device enables the wheelchair frame to adjust

Ron Kirshner vs.Flash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Ron Kirshner vs. set fire to - Essay Exampleof the Bozapalooza but he told Kirshner that an SnS reunion project was out of the question due to differences amid Flash and fellow SnS member Axl. Flash made it pull ahead that because of past arguments he would not perform on stage with Axl. These negotiations occurred in September.Flash also indicated that he would go to Thailand and therefore could not be reached for the time being. Flash informed Kirshner that he would be kaput(p) from Sept 23 to October 22 during that period he would be incommunicado. Kirshner sent a letter on September 21, via regular mail, stipulating their agreements. It arrived September 24 or after Flash had already left for his overseas trip.When Flash returned from his trip he was surprised to learn that he would be performing with Axl at the Bozapalooza against his shew wishes. Kirshner informed him that because Flash could not be reached, he went ahead and booked the contrive with Axl. Hence Flash wan ts to know if he is legally obligated to perform at the concert.A contract requires a merging of minds between the parties involved. There must be an offer from one party and an acceptance of that offer on the part of the other party. In the present case, there appears to be a reciprocal obligation between Kirshner and Flash. There was an offer by Kirshner for Flash to perform at the Bozapalooza in exchange for a summarise certain in money. Kirshner, as promissor, showed a willingness to be legally bound by the terms he specified in a way that would lead a reasonable person in the status of Flash to understand that an acceptance is being sought and, if made, would result in an enforceable contract.Now, an important government issue to consider is what the stipulation of the contract was. On September 1, Ron made an initial offer involving an SnS reunion concert at Bozapalooza. The response of Flash was a counter-offer stating that while he was willing to perform at Bozapalooza, he would not perform with Axl.Negotiations resumed on September

Mitt Romney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mitt Romney - strain ExampleMitt Romney has good policies but people fail to feel his sentiments in issued that affect customary Americans. One of the ways this has come out is by Mitt Romney failing to sound so victor in his campaign scripts. When people perceive a leader honest, then he passed the likability test. He presents himself as Obamas direct contrast as opposed to addressing the immediate concerns of America. Therefore he should explain how to sh either amaze the American economy while at same time look easy and approachable to all Americans.Romney should expert be easy with his personality. He should not seem to try too hard. He should just be passionate about what he believes. The best messages to use should be aimed at addressing the ailing economy. He should clearly demonstrate how the current administration has failed and offer brand new solutions to alleviate the suffering of unemployed Americans. This should be done with America in mind not Obama in mind. The campaign message should specify American the demerits of failing to support him and also offer more firm and well worded responses to democrats election propaganda.The organize audience should be all Americans. Messages should however be customized to different age, social and economic groups depending on the shopping center and the time of the speeches. This is because different groups understand the same message differently. The audience should see the passion and the merit of the issues he addresses.Its not enough to have sound economic policies for a Mitt to beat Obama. charisma and ability to speak and move people is equally important. This is because Obama is a gifted orator who sounds convincing with ease. The inequality shall be how the message is presented that the attitude that Americans can read from the tone used. The energy in the campaign cut through and absolute confidence that people really need what you have got to offer is equally important.The

Exploring the Chess Discourse Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exploring the Chess Discourse Community - Essay ExampleFrom this paper, it is clear thatthe Chess discourse community is comprised of people who have an interest in the blue of tare. Chess is a board game that is played by two players who apply different strategies and tactics to beat the opponent. Each player starts with 16 different pieces of knights, rooks, bishops, pawns, a queen, and a king with the main objective being to capture the opponents king. The main issues of concern for the chess discourse community are ways to play chess and the probability to help each other in developing chess-playing skills. Members of the chess community aim at lovely many games and rising to rank within the community.According to the study findings, the discourse community undertakes the objective of organizing and facilitating chess tournaments among members in the group and chess communities in other institutions. Knowledge in the group constitutes tuition about ways to play chess. Kno wledge is the community is created experimentally and through discussion. Members can learn newborn strategies and tactics by experimenting during games against other members. Members can also gain new knowledge through discussions and conversations with other members.The chess discourse community utilizes a complex language in interactions between members. During chess tournaments between members, the common words exchanged between the players are Checkmate, Check and Adjust.

Concert Report on Smokey Robinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concert Report on Smokey Robinson - Essay ExampleThe NYCB Theater is among the top melody theaters in New York City. Being among the nigh celebrated venues for music festivals in the country, the NYCB Theater was in a just position to host the Smokey Robinsons concert in New York. Firstly, the theater is more spacious than most music theaters in the US. This indicates that the NYCB Theater was the only theater capable of hosting an event of such a timber as the Smokey concert. Smokey Robinson has m any fans from within New York City and other major cities across the country. The attendance at the theater clearly demonstrated how Smokey Robinson is popular among his followers. The attendance of his show proved that R&B music is still popular among American despite previous claims that R&B song are losing earthly concern to other music genres such as hip hop. This is due to the number R&B stars that are currently switching to hip-hop and rock music. Major R&B singers such as Whi tney Houston run through redone some of their songs in hip-hop in order to incorporate the preferences of the American society. The concert proved to me that R&B music still has many fans within the country. Musial theater performance is not like any other performance. I had previously come across this fact through my studies on theater and performances. hostile other theater performances, musical theater performance can be described as a two-way performance. This indicates that a lucky performance will depend on the effort of the performing artist and the audience. A role player performing on stage requires the response of the audience in order to achieve successful delivery. This response will include appraisal by the crowd and positive response of the audience. A performer will also prefer an audience that joins him or her in the performance. This will involve situations where a musician allows the audience to sing certain segment of his song or dance rhythmically to his son g. I had learnt the divinatory concept on the importance of a responsive audience but I had not had a real life experience of such scenarios. The concert therefore presented me with an opportunity to verify the importance of a responsive audience to a performance. During the performance, I also had the opportunity to verify the effect that the audience nonplus on the artist. Robinson opened the concert with his hit song Miracle that got the whole auditorium into shouts and screams of joy. Everyone who present in the theatre treasured to be next to Robinson as possible. If it was also possible, some people could have joined the superstar on the stage. However, the theater was so fully packed with fans and therefore, joining him on the stage was not possible. During this time, I observe that Smokey is not only a songwriter and a performer, but also has a good footing on crowd psychology. Similarly, he was well versed with the fact that the success of performer depends on the pos e of the audience. Smokey therefore utilized the first minutes of his performance trying to get the audience into the same stride as his ensemble. The performer also utilized these crucial moments trying to make the audience anxious around his performance and the expectations of the show. His hit song Miracle compensated his expectations for the performance. During the performance, I realized that this song has many fans and, it is among his most famous song from his last album. After singing the first few lines of the song

Advanced Financial Reporting & Regulation Essay

Advanced Financial Reporting & law - Essay ExampleHowever, the proponents of the fairish nurture accounting method argued that this accounting technique was just a messenger and not a major cause or contributor of the subprime mortgage crisis.The paper critically valuatees the arguments that have been placed regarding the fair note value accounting method being a main origin for the occurrence of the subprime mortgage crisis or the GFC. The idea as to whether the fair value accounting method has in truth contributed to the monetary crisis or has only played a constrained role in exacerbating the glitz of the financial downturn is evaluated and assessed by taking into consideration the views and arguments presented by different scholars and academicians in their literary kit and boodle prepared and presented in this topic. The use of empirical evidences and descriptive information are made to analyze and assess the role of the fair value accounting method in the financial cri sis. The second part of the business relationship includes a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the fair value accounting method with the traditional accounting methods like the deprival value method of accounting, historical cost method of accounting and the replacement cost method of accounting. The report is think with a suitable conclusion in which it is highlighted that the role of the fair value accounting practice is more limited as a major reason for the occurrence of the Global Financial Crisis of 2008.The role of the fair value accounting technique in the financial crisis of 2008 is a controversial and highly debated topic. The fair value accounting method is the generally used accounting standard in the United States of America and has been qualify in the FAS 157 in the year 2007. This accounting method includes the terms of accounting in which the different kinds of financial assets like the mortgage backed securities are priced and valued as per the c urrent market value or mark to market value instead

CDC children observation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CDC children observation - Assignment ExampleThe second child is Kate, a missy aged 3 years. She is withal an active child. Her favorite activity is playing with dolls.As noned the son is very keen on detail. He plays with his toy car unsocial at a coign of the playfield. He does not interact with separate kids except in situations when they come to him. He work throughms friendly whenever other child spoke to him. However, he concentrates on the playing with his toy car. At one occasion, he seems to determine something unusual with one of the steering wheels. He takes up a screwdriver and tries to untighten the screw so that he can lease the wheel. However, he is unable to do it. He seeks help from the caretaker who quickly untightens the screw for him. The boy seems convinced that the wheel has a problem. He looks carefully all around. He notices each detail and observes that the plastic when is cracked. He does not replace the when since there seems to be no replacement . He takes his toy car to the store.I also observed the girl several times. She seemed to enjoy the company of other children. In fact, I did not see her alone at any time. She was always with friends. The girl loves dolls and has several of them. She takes motherly care for them. I observed her hard to feed one of the dolls, soothed it and also lay it to sleep. Along with other girls, she tries to talk to them, assuming that they can hear. She is also quick to cry whenever she is offended by one of her friends.The toys that children use in the center are sexual practice specific. For example, boys are seen to be playing with toy cars. The toy cars are characteristic of male children and are so male gendered. However, there are also a small number of girls attracted to toy cars. On the other hand, girls are interested in playing mother roles. All of the girls have dolls. Also, I did not see any boy with a doll.Children at the center are always quarreling over toys and playing sp ace. The staff members try to resolve all the

Critical Analysis of the Research Designs in a Peer- Reviewed Article Essay

Critical Analysis of the Research Designs in a Peer- Reviewed Article - Essay ExampleIt is an organized investigation into a subject in guild to discover facts, to establish or revise theory, or to develop an action based on facts observed (Encarta Dictionary, 2002, par. 1). The article entitled Identifying the best research design to fit the question. Part 2 qualitative designs written by Jenny Ploeg (1999) exemplifies research using the qualitative method identified to be crucial in providing answers to relevant nursing concerns. The article was chosen to be the appropriate example of a peer-reviewed discourse which explains a research design, specifically the qualitative method, as a means of furthering trends on nursing applications, a pregnant area of health science.The main problem statement or hypothesis of the discourse was stated as proffering the value of qualitative research in pinpointing crucial solutions to nursing concerns. Ploeg (1999) averred that qualitative res earch methods have suit increasingly important as ways of developing nursing knowledge for evidence-based nursing practice. This editorial provides an overview of qualitative research, describes 3 common types of qualitative research, and gives examples of their habit in nursing (par. 1).The article provided readers with the opportunity to be beginner on the significance of the qualitative method as the research design most appropriate in seeking solutions to nursing dilemmas. By expounding on the common types of qualitative research (phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory), one is competent to appreciate the kind of information provided by these types of research with the objective of understanding the process towards arriving at a particular result or outcome. Likewise, awareness of the differentiating factors or elements of each research type would enable practitioners to use the accurate kind of qualitative research for the identified purpose.Ploeg (1999) described the qualitative

Political Assassination of JFK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Political Assassination of JFK - Essay ExampleThey greeted them with ecstasy and joy, and not a soul suspected a thing. At 1230 pm on Friday 22 November 1963, the crowd suddenly grew wild as a sniper rifle fired through the air, qualification the atmosphere even more petulant than before and causing upheaval in the surroundings. As the bullet train cleared and the presidential motorcade was surrounded by the mob by scared townspeople, their emotions running amok, it was discovered that regulator Conn anyy and James Tague, travelling suit were injured heavily trying to protect the one man academic session in the vehicle, on which everyone had their eyes upon. Jacqueline Kennedy, the First Lady was shell shocked as she heard the incumbrance and on her right quietly fallen, lay her husband, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, fatally shot and wounded, in the heart of Dealey Plaza, in Dallas, Texas. The semi policy-making assassination of JFK, the thirty fifth President of the United States of America was a shocker to the entire spherical community that regarded him as one of the smartest and most influential people of all time. After many enquiries into the political situation, it has been marked as the offshoot of a criminal conspiracy possibly involving a number of groups and communities such as the CIA, the KGB, the American mafia, the Israeli government, and people like the President of the FBI at the time, J. Edgar Hoover, and the Cuban President, Fidel Castro. The official stage was that Kennedy was putting to deathed at the hand of Lee Harvey Oswald who fired a shot from the corner window of the Book Depository, and was a U.S Marine who had defected to the Soviet Union. In order to understand the political motives and happenings of the accompaniments leading up to and during the assassination of President Kennedy, it is vital to first understand the terms that are being used to describe the situation. The entire event has been passed off as a political cons piracy a conspiracy may thus be defined as An agreement between two or more persons to combine for unlawful or subversive purpose involving plots schemes, intrigues and collusion. The group of conspirators are united in the aim of usurping or overthrowing established political power often, but not always, in secret. Under the like, Kennedys death was the cause of a political assassination which may be defined as a sudden or secretive bam to murder mostone who holds a prominent position for political reasons (Knoepfler 2010). It is important also to comprehend the large-minded of motives that each assassin might have in order for him to be convinced enough to kill someone of such great stature. Most assassins in history have been stirred by religious, political, ideologic or military motives in order to kill someone who they feel do not be the right to live because their pleas and needs were not being heard by them. The motive or incentive for Lee Oswald Harvey being behind Ken nedys killing was not portrayed as something that involved some sort of financial or personal gain. Despite heavy interrogation by the police, the assassin denied all the alleged accusations against him for being charged for the murder of Kennedy as well as police officer, J.D Tippit. However, it is felt by some that enough evidence exists against him. However, even before the man could be tried, he was killed by a club owner by the name of Jack Ruby. People shape up believed that Ruby himself was part of the same conspiracy leading to Kennedys death however he denied any such allegation and further insisted on saying that he was only trying to give

Leading and Building Effective Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leading and Building Effective Teams - Essay Example be many issues such as ethnicity, race, age, work experience, aptitude, and values that hugely interfere with the teams capabilities consequently making it hard for them to get things done implying that the qualities that that trigger success also undermines success. The objective of this article is to adjudicate the importance of leading and building effective teams in a diverse range of organizational settings as well as exploring team diversity and team performance.Managing the diversified team challenges and strategies for improving performance, by Agrawal highlights somewhat of the significant factors that require close attention for successful management of a diversified team. The author aims at providing business managers and executives with an elaborate framework of how to ensure utilization and implementation of teams in the organizations in a dash that leads to maximization of both internal and external variety of ski lls. Agrawal believes that there are essential diversified skills beat amongst team members that should be tapped to achieve the best out of a team. The author has dwelt on the existing literature to collect and synthesize the involves of other authors on the issue of managing a diversified team. Agrawal carried out SWOT compend in evaluating and analyzing diversified team as well as strong inclusion of both basal and secondary research to strengthen his views and opinions on the issue of diversified team. In conclusion, the authors findings indicated that teamwork requires that members view themselves as a unit with common objectives for better results. This article has highlighted some of the vital information that leadership and managers may use in ensuring that diversity of team members is fully utilized to produce positive results. motive and demotivating forces in teams Cross-level influences of empowering leadership and relationship conflict, by Chen et al., addresses t eam-level stimuli that include motivating

Qualitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Qualitative Research - Essay ExampleThe mind why qualitative enquiry method is utilise is because of its ease of use over quantitate investigate method. For instance, measuring human emotions through quantitative search would be very difficult. However there are tools in stock(predicate) in qualitative research method where people push aside even incorporate human emotions and feelings in their analysis. When using qualitative research methodology, the conclusion of the study is a mere proposition, an informed assertion. There is no hence proved at the end of the study. This is where quantitative study comes in. If the proposition deduced by qualitative research needs to be proven or at least get a more concrete support, the proposition can be analysed/qualified with quantitative research. Empirical support can be used from quantitative method to support qualitative conclusion. However this approach is discredited by Oxford University professor curing Flyvbjerg. According to F lyvbjerg, qualitative research methodology can be used, both for hypotheses testing and going beyond the limit of generalizing limited case studies (Flyvbjerg, 2006). Strengths of Qualitative Research Here are some of the strengths of qualitative research a) Data is based on participants own meanings and interpretations b) In-depth study becomes relatively easy in qualitative research however the number of cases cant be too large c) When complex phenomena are cosmos studied it is helpful to use qualitative method d) It provides information on individual cases e) Can handle cross-case comparisons and analysis f) It provides an understanding of personal experiences of people. g) It can describe the phenomena in rich detail as it embosses in local context. h) The examiner can study active processes, for instance documenting sequential patterns and alterations. i) The examiner almost everlastingly classifies contextual and setting factors as they link with the portent of interest. j) Primarily qualitative method of grounded opening can be used by the investigator to generate a cautious but elaborate theory about the phenomenon under study (Johnson & Christensen, 2000). 2. Interpretivism Interpretivism is a concept in sociology that the method of investigation applied to the native world may not be applicable to the social realm. In other words, scientists and investigators must toss empirical evidence and scientific method social research. This aspect of interpretivism is also called Anti-positivism, which holds that scientists need to focus on the interpretations of social sciences in understanding the people being studied (Gerber, John J. Macionis, Linda M., 2011). Interpretivism is a term that has twain contexts i.e. legal and social. In the philosophy of law, Interpretivism is a school of thought which claims that a) Law and morality do create their differences but they cannot be separated. b) Law is not inherent in nature and legal values cannot outl ive without legal practice. c) Law is not a given set of conventions and data (Wikipedia Contributors, 2012). In social sciences, Interpretivism or Anti-positivism is a view which claims that social realm may not be subject to the investigative methods of immanent world. It proposes that in order to conduct social research, researchers must abandon the scientific method and focus on the personal interpretation of social actions of the people under study. In today

Visual Thinking Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

visual Thinking Strategies - Research Paper ExampleAs I scanned my label in, I turned to their teacher and politely asked, Is this your first educational trip to the MFA, atomic number 18 you here to trip up the new Linde wing? No, she replied, were here for a VTS tour. That is wonderful, I exclaimed. After pausing, I politely stated, I am just about to write a paper on VTS, would you mind telling me where you are from? Kindly responding, the teacher stated, We are a social studies categorise from the Boston public school system, and we scram a p finessenership with the MFA. This is our last lesson of the curriculum and it ends with a VTS tour at the Museum. In my opinion, teachers in each(prenominal) subject areas find themselves with the challenge of bringing that subject to life for their students, especially students who struggle to grasp the concepts of the course. everlastingly trying new strategies and educational techniques, the best teachers try to reach those studen ts in an unconventional way. In this fibre, I presume the social studies teacher turned to Suzi Fonda, Manager of Teacher Programs and School Partnerships at the MFA, to help her students crosstie connections between the content studied in the classroom and the collection of American Art currently displayed at the MFA. Since the culture and environment of the museums considerably differs from those prevalent in the classrooms, educators frequently wonder whether the productive techniques used by the museum educators are applicable in the environment of the classroom. In this paper, I will encounter the productivity of Visual Thinking, and its connection to the classroom. Upon providing an in-depth look at VTS itself as a teaching tool, I will then examine further the applicability of the technique to the school classroom, more specifically within the social studies curricula, and evaluate its results and introduce recommendations if any as to how it may be improved. In particula r, I will utilize class readings, discussions, case studies, and museum curricula, and I will transfer these experiences into my evaluation. Finally, I will conduct interviews with two Directors of Education, both of whom are gnarly in the VTS implementation at their art museums, and I will discuss their concerns, results and issues of the program. Curriculum In a typical VTS lesson, students look carefully at a work of art, and talk about what they observe. This method uses art to build the capacity to observe, think, listen and communicate. The guiding principle is that self-discovery is a powerful way to learn, and that such sovereign learning is stimulated by discussion amongst peers.1 The curriculum of VTS is fundamentally based on the discussion held among the students. The use of goods and services of a teacher in it is that of a facilitator of discussion among the students. There are three basic questions that the facilitator uses in order to guide the students towards th e path of conducting the discussion among themselves. These three questions include What is going on in this work out? (Walker), What do you see that makes you say that? (Walker), and What more can you find? (Walker). The facilitator identifies the responses of individual students by their respective names, and points towards the pertinent parts of the painting while paraphrasing the responses. In addition to that, it is equally important for the facilitator to keep track of the various threads of conversation so that they can be interlinked and the students can be provided with the opportunity to connect their thoughts with the thoughts of their class fellows. These questions have been designed in a very prudent manner. The wording of the first question gives unsounded approval of the story-finding, playing to the beginner

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Constitutional Law - Essay Examplecourts to grapple with justifications for rights and freedoms, fetching a more philosophical approach to legal reasoning as they attempt to resolve conflicts among individual rights and competing societal and individual interests.2While the Human Rights Act 1998 did not semiofficially impose a UK Bill of Rights it did indorse Convention Rights under the European Convention on Human Rights.3 By the time the Human Rights Act 1998 came into effect in October 2000 the UK judiciary had already become accustomed to the masking of Convention Rights as a Member State to the European Community.4 However as Fenwick, Phillipson and Masterman observeat the same time they were proud of their long-established common law and constitutional traditions, including deference to parliament and to the executive in judicial review cases, as manifested in the Wednesbury doctrine.5The Wednesbury doctrine is the approach adapted by the courts in respect of judicial rev iew in Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v.Wednesbury Corporation 1948 1 KB 223. In this case it was held that the applicant for judicial review is required to satisfy the court that no reasonable common official would have reached the conclusion that the official under review came to.6 Moreover, the court went on to state that it impart not stand in an appellate position to overrule an official decision it will wholly stand as a judicial authority to determine whether or not the public official offended the law in its abuse of authority.7While the judiciary maintains that the Wednesbury doctrine remains a directional principle the courts have displayed a willingness to depart from this strict doctrine and to loosen the grip of judicial deference. This deference has never been more significant than it has in recent years with respect to legislative changes calculated to take modern threats of terrorism.

Risk Assessment for Retail Property Investments in Ireland and Europe Essay

Risk Assessment for retail Property Investments in Ireland and Europe - show ExampleThe rise of disposable income (predicted to exceed 100 billion by 2010) and population growth in Ireland are the reasons that led to the escalation of the retail property segment. The retail investments contributed 52% of the total property investments in 2006. Retail parks and retail outlet meanings take away shown the most prominent growth in the retail field since the year 1990. Some counties in Ireland like Leitrim and Roscommon do not have any shopping centre facilities at all while others like Laois, Kilkenny, Carlow, Westmeath and Louth are oersupplied (Market News, 2006).The oversupply is a cause of concern for the retailers as it leads to more than competition. The depression in the housing mart, rising unemployment and other adverse economic conditions have touch the spending capacity of the customers in a negative fashion (Retail sphere of influence becoming more competitive, 2008).F ig. 1 shows the pedestrian foot fall in the first three months of 2008 on the two main streets of capital of Ireland i.e. Grafton Street (down 9% as compared to the previous five years) and Henry Street (down 12%)(Finfacts Team, 2008).However the conditions in Ireland are better than in other European nations. There is a vast scope of distant retail investments in the country as compared to other European countries. The spending power of people is well-made and the economic conditions are favourable for the retail expansion than those in other countries of Europe. The growth of the property welkin also depends on the global economic scenario. The availability of funds from the banks for new ventures in the retail sector will also hamper its growth. There is a concern about the oversupply and resulting stagnation as happened in the housing market. The investors must make sure that the overdevelopment does not have a negative have-to doe with on the rental and capital values. As s hown in the fig.2 the rents in a major street in Dublin are very high compared to other countries in Europe and are stable over a couple of years, with retail shopping centres making the major contribution (Finfacts Team, 2008a). Fig.2 (Finfacts Team, 2008)The current scenario in the retail market in other European nations is as followsThere is a vast scope of retail development and investment in the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The retail sector is not fully developed up to now and offers a great possibility of economic expansion.Eastern European countries like Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic have saturated retail markets in major cities and the focus of development is shifting to smaller regions.There is a huge retail investment opportunities in form of shopping malls and retail stores in Central European countries like Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria and Russia.Portugal and Denmark will mark more than normal retail trade expansion. Demand in these countries is more than supply, making them potential development prospects.UK is likely to experience a slowdown in the retail market investments as shown in fig.3. Fig.3 (Finfacts Team,

Alpen bank. SWOT Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Alpen bank. gussy up Analysis - Case contract ExampleThe brass section has hesitated to launch its conviction card services because of poor infrastructure, population inexperience and lower-ranking per capita income level of the Rumanians. However, they have launched this credit card service and able to win the devote of customers. In the division 2000, the organization has entered in the European market. The objective of the study is to form an effective marketing strategy in order to clear cut the positioning strategy considering the credit card industry. A strategic SWOT analysis has been implemented below for Alpen. Strengths Alpen bank is one of the leading banking organizations in Romania. The bank is popular at bottom the country due to the effective customer service and several differentiated customer service. Due to its forest customer service the organization has able to make positive brand awareness in Romania. As it is discussed earlier, premium banking service s have emergenced the core competencies and reputation of the brand name in the Romanian market. Weaknesses Lower customer bottom is the biggest weakness of this brand. The organization has implemented credit card service facilities for its clients in Romania. The concept of the credit card was not familiar with the citizenry of Romania. The organization has hesitated to enter in this credit card service business due to the effect of recession, low per capita income of people and inexperience of the people rough the credit card services. Lack of awareness and low customer base is the significant weakness of the organization. Opportunities instantly the potential opportunities for the credit card service of Alpen bank can be determined by evaluating the effects of following six important environmental factors to the company. Political The organization has tried to enter in the European Union market to increase its international client base. The credit card industry is comprised of four notice parties, such as Merchant acquirers, Merchants, Card Issuers and Network & Associations. However, the banking sector in Romania is least affected equivalence to the other developed countries. Strict governmental regulations and ethical policy implementation has helped the organization to win the trust of the consumers. The support of several political parties and government can increase the core competency of the organization. Economical The organization is overcoming the challenges of previous recession. The economy of Romania has able to overcome some effects of recession. The disposable income of middle class people is increasing significantly. Initially in the year 2006, the organization was trying to enter in the EU theatrical role due to the economic advantages of these areas. However, the organization had tried to target the premium customers due to the unfavorable economic condition. The spirited disposable income of the people of high income level will help the organization to generate high revenue. mixer The people of Romania were not that much aware about the credit card services. Therefore, it is necessary for the organization to create social awareness about the credit card service. It is a potential opportunity for the organization to increase its market share in Romania. The organization should concentrate on the untapped market. Moreover, changing life dash and improved literacy rate will help the organization to create a huge customer base within the country. Technological Technology is a necessary aspect for the growth of this industry. This credit card installment will encourage the people of modern society. Effective and advanced telecommunication facility, computer technology and developed terminals will help the customers to operate the credit cards comfortably. Environmental The service sector has able to accommodate high growth rate comparing to the

Social Media as marketing, social and entertainment tool Research Paper

loving Media as marketing, social and entertainment tool - interrogation Paper ExampleA classic example is the use of Social Media by current unify Sates President to reach millions of young voters (Kanter 28).A more recent even though grotesque example of Social Media power has been its use by Islamic radicals in the Middle East to post the beheading of mess on social media. The act is ugly but the effect is instant and compelling. Non Profit organizations and their communities exist in the same environment that profit making ones and politics do. The dilemma is should non profit organizations whose have-to doe with is not necessarily profit go the same way. Beth Kanter in her book The Networked Non Profit answers this question. Overcoming FearsThe skepticism and uphold of Help Worldwide Board and Staff members is quite understandable. However we will soon find bug out that the advantages of joining Social Media far outweigh the disadvantages. Social Media help to build socia l capital cheaply (Kanter 34) and keeping in touch with the Social Culture is vital. An example is given of the American Red bollix up which lost touch with the public during Hurricane Katrina because it failed to hear criticism about its failure to respond quick since it did not have the capacity to listen (Kanter 41).The organization reacted by creating a Social Media policy that was unmannerly and candid thereby embracing a new Social Culture. This signified a Culture work shift (Kanter 56) that is required of all non profit organizations since Social media enables organizations to listen to millions in an easy way (Kanter 61).The saying goes that if we wearyt change, change will change us.We cannot talk about change without mentioning generational change.

Evaluating Compliance Strategies Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Compliance Strategies EssayThe contour operate is very important in medical billing and coding. After a patient is seen, physicians document the patients hear. Medical administrators then post the medical codes of the visit in the practice management program (PMP) and prepare the claim. It is important to prepare claims correctly in invest to stay in compliance. A correct claim connects a billed service to a diagnosing. The diagnosis has to relate to the billed service to treat the patients ailment. The connection is referred to as code spliceage. It is important to correctly link procedures and diagnosis because if they arent correctly link the renderer will reject the claim and will not pay for the services which then puddles the patient responsible for payment. To be in compliance, medical insurance specialists need to pick out each payers billing rules stated in each insurance policy. These are subject to change and updated much so medical insurance specia lists also use payer bulletins, websites, and maintain communication with payer representatives to make trustworthy they are staying in compliance.Medicare also has its own set of rules and regulations. The Medicare National correct coding possibility (CCI) controls improper coding. CCI edits are used by computers to check claims for phantasms that would lead to improper payment of services. The CCI prevents two procedures from beingness billed that could not have been per var.ed together. Private payers also have code edits similar to the CCI.Compliance errors sometimes occur. Submitting an improper claim may just be a simple mistake such as a typo, or sometimes it may be a deliberate act of fraud. Other green errors that are sometimes make are truncated coding, incorrect gender or age of the patient, speculation coding, altering documentation, coding without proper documentation, reporting services provided by unlicensed providers, and coding a coloured service twice instead of choosing the bilateral code. For these reasons there are several billing and coding compliance strategies that have been put in place.One compliance dodge used by healthcare professionals is to cautiously define bundled code and know global periods. A medical insurance specialist needs to be clear on what undivided procedures are contained in bundled codes and what the global periods are for surgical procedures. Another strategy is to benchmark the practices E/M codes with national average. By comparing the practice reports with national averages, upcoding is able to be monitored. Another strategy is to use modifiers appropriately, and be clear on professional courtesy and discounts to uninsured and humiliated income patients.The strategy that I find the most useful and am in support of is to maintain gentle job reference aids and documentation templates. Job reference aids are a form of a cheat sheet that lists procedures and CPT codes that are most often used by each indivi dual practice. I think that the only way this strategy can be improved is to make sure that the job reference aids are updated frequently when new services are added to the practice, and when codes change or new ones are added. This can be accomplished by keeping track of when codes are updated or changed.There are many implications of incorrect medical coding. An improper claim will get spurned or denied by the payer. When this happens the physician will need to either file an appeal, or correct the issue. If the error can be corrected the claim can be resubmitted, however this is still unfortunate because the process will take foresighteder than if it had been done right in the first place. When coding errors are made due to fraudulent attempts, the person who prepared the claim will lose their job and face effective action. Also, sometimes the physician in charge of the practice will be liable and possibly sued, because he/she is responsible for their employees and their actio ns.Medical coding, physician, and payer fees are all related to the compliance process. Any services performed by a physician will need to be correctly coded so that they can be compensable for. Medical coding must be done properly in order to stay in compliance. Physicians must be honest and provide proper documentation of any and all services performed in order for an insurance company to accept a claim and pay for the services that were performed. As long as everyone works as a team, and works in honesty, it is easy to stay in compliance. And by using the strategies I have outlined, compliance is not difficult to follow.

Stop and Frisk Essay Example for Free

Stop and Frisk EssayNew York Citys step down and romp plan is a practice used by the New York constabulary Department. This practice is mainly used on minorities which include African Americans and Latinos. The New York Police Department form _or_ system of government is lastly criticized for racial compose. Racial profiling is discriminating upon a certain race, ethnic group, or religious group. I person solelyy believe that the stop and frisk policy is a covert concern and should be abandoned by the state. The vast volume of people falling victim to this practice argon law abiding citizens. Most of these people bugger off done nonhing wrong and law officers are using pure suspicion therefore violating the privacy act of citizens. I firmly disagree with this particular tactic by law enforcement, be motive it does not appraise correct protocol. An example of this can occur as follows. I went to visit one of my friends at their flat building. I came across an office r in the building on my way to my friends room. The officer stop me and and questioned if I were a resident in the building. After I tell the officer no he informs me that hes going to frisk. I did nothing wrong and still was stopped and frisked. I was completely unreserved and going about my business. Additionally, Stop and frisk is a major privacy issue. New York City police officers are choosing to stop people based on race and not reasonable suspicion. They choose to pull in over drivers who are mainly African American or Latino.Very little stops give to an arrest. Most of the time the person is spare and has nothing illegal on them. I believe that the citizens are losing the trust in police. They are losing all trust and feeling of protection because they fear of being stopped and frisked. I would not like being treated like a criminal if I were innocent too. whatever of these people worry about being targeted by police on a nonchalant basis. Jay Z an award profitsning ar tists, was pressured to back out of a collaboration with a store called Barneys after it was accused of racially profiling two black customers. He had somethingto say about this policy in a song called Devil Is A Lie. He rapped You seen what I did to the stop and frisk Brooklyn on the Barneys like we own the bitch Give the money to the hood, now we all win. Got that Barneys floor scentin like a VIM. Jay Z is basically saying he has the high end Barneys store looking like the low end VIM store. He does not agree with the stop and frisk that occurred in the store and gave all proceeds to his charity. Furthermore , the aspect that I energize gathered from this practice is that it lowered the crime and murder rate. I believe people are less willing to walk around with any sort of weapon on their person. The risk of carrying a weapon or illegal substance is too high. On the other hand people that accompany the law regularly feel more safe. Which is how it should be.Stop and Frisk has so many repercussions to society. Many individuals who have experienced Stop and Frisk have said it is unethical. Many citizens feel as though they leave out the sense of privacy. In todays society privacy is important because people do not want everyone knowing their business. If people knew each others business then they would be extremely upset , which could cause uneasiness in a persons life and in social media. In particular, instead of stop and rollick NYPD should take a different approach. They should asses the situation with a level headed approach. Instead of racial profiling, they should give all citizens a fair shot. This meaning police officers should use proper judgement to law abiding citizens. Some judgements that police use are wrong and one sided because they think that minorities are always causing trouble.Police officers should use fairer judgement when making decisions on arrests. My uncle who lives in New York has fallen victim to stop and frisk. He says the o fficers are allowed to patrol the halls of private buildings and proceed with stop and frisk searches. He told me this is called Operation Clean Halls. This should not be allowed. In Summary, I think stop and frisk is ineffective. People are targeted wrongly because of what they look like. Many citizens should not be discriminated upon because of their race. It is an invasion of human rights if police officers stop and frisk. It is important that citizens know their golosh measures. Stop and frisk should not be tolerated by american citizens.

Gautam Buddha Essay Example for Free

Gautam Buddha EssayGautama Buddha, besides k instantlyn as Siddhartha Gautam, Shakyamuni, or simply the Buddha, was a eldritch teacher from ancient times and the fo infra of Buddhism. He is univers alto bulgehery recognized by Buddhists as the sovereign Buddha (Sammasambuddha) of our age. Yet his exact project of birth and death is uncertain but a majority of historians date his lifetime from circa 623 B. C. to 543 B. C. He is one of the few luminaries in the history of humans who is such a long and lasting influence to the community. There ar myriad stories of the Buddha each tradition, each culture, each time consequence has their own stories . It is believed that, immediately after his birth he took seven paces and on each step a lotus blossomed which re contributes the seven colours of rainbow. The tales say he was a son of a office raised in a palace with every imaginable luxury, he was call(a)ed Siddhartha Gautama-a prince among a clan of warriors When I was a squ irt he express I was delicately brought up most delicately, a ashen sunshade was held over me day and night to protect me from c centenarian, heat, dirt and dust.My father gave me three lotuss ponds one where red lotuses bloomed, one where white lotuses bloomed, one where blue lotuses bloomed Pali talkie Gautam Buddha is the key figure in Buddhism. Discourses, and monastic harnesss were summarized only after his death and memorized. Passed down by oral tradition, the Tripitak- the holy book of Buddhism is also written on pali language only after 400 years of his death which is divided into 3 parts 1st the rules that a Buddhist monk needs to follow, 2nd Buddhas admonition and third Accounts of Buddhas life. Siddartha GautamSiddhartha Gautam was born in southern Nepal at the foot of the Himalayas on the famous gardens of Lumbini, which is located in the Terai plains of southern Nepal, testified by the inscription on the pillar erected by the Mauryan Emperor Asoka in 249 B. C. Siddh artha was a child with a contemplative bent of mind. He was inclined towards meditation and spiritual pursuits much against the wishes of his father. His father fe bed that Siddhartha magnate leave home, and so, kept tried to insulate him from the harsh trulyities of the world outside by keeping him inside(a) the palace all the time.Sealed from pain and suffering Siddhartha indulged in a life of pure pleasure. either whim satisfied every desire fulfilled. The Buddha once said During the rainy season I gruntleed in my palace where I was entertained by musicians and dancing girls I never thought of leaving. when he was 16 his father draws him in tighter in to palace life, married him to his cousin which wasnt long before they cancel in love. But one day when he goes outside travelling finished the kingdom, and he has the offshoot of four encounters he sees an old man and he ask his attendants and attendants replied ohThat is the change, no human being could stay young everyb ody needs to grow old. accordingly on his next tour outside he sees a eruct man and doesnt quite lowstand what it is, again he ask his attendants because his attendants replied oh That happens to all of us everybody gets sick and dont think you are a prince and you dont get sick your father, your mother everybody will become sick. Then he sees that it isnt just a sick person in fact its the universal and something is stimulated inside of him so he keeps acquiring the chariot to take him out then he sees horror after horror.And on his third tripper outside he meets a corps then he recognizes impermanence, suffering and death as a real state of things, the world that he has been protected, sealed or kept from seeing and he was take aback then he realized this is my fate too I will also become old I will also become sick and eventually I will also die, how do I deal with these things. And then on his fourth trip outside he sees the spiritual searcher someone who was decided to li ve a life completely other than his life in assign to escape impermanence, sufferings and death.Soon after he left his family and Kingdom at the age of 29 and went into the timber in search of peace and truth. Siddhartha was alone in the world for the first time, on the bank of the near river he drew his sword although my father and step mother were grieving with tears on their faces Siddhartha said I cut of my hair I put on the yellow robes and went forth from home into homelessness. I consider been wounded by the enjoyment of the world and I had come out longing to obtained peace. Then he wandered from place to place to gain kat onceledge. He met some cholars and saints but he was not satisfied. At last he started hard meditation bearing great physical suffering. Emaciated, exhausted Siddhartha tortures himself trying to repose anything within himself that he sees its bad. It is said that Siddhartha had lived many life before this one as countless animals, innumerable human beings and even gods across four incalculable ages that secret text say and many eons experiencing life in all at different forms. The Buddha Gautam Buddha seated under a pipal directnow known as the Bodhi treein Bodh Gaya small town in north east India.For Buddhist in that location are hundreds of holy places but none more sacred than Bodh Gaya. It is the sacred get from which the buddhits faith radiates. It is their mecca or jeroselum or any other initiation forms of initiator. Then he vowed never to reverse until he had found the truth so he sat down with his rags he was wearing under the shade of Bodhi tree at the bank of the river and began to meditate. It was spring time with a full moon on the sky at night, before the sun would rise Siddharthas long search would be over. Siddhartha now got transformed into Buddha or the enlightened one at the age of the thirty five.The pipal tree under which he got Enlightment came to be known as Bodhi Vriksha. Buddha saw record of the slew envy, jealousy and strong banish mental stage. He analyzed all the people in the world they are like the fishes riddling in the very shallow water. So Buddha he himself is afraid to teach the people. Then, the myth says the god BRAHMA himself comes to the Buddha kneeling down and asked Buddha to teach people what he had gains during all his life BRAHMA implies that is what every human take to satisfied ones life otherwise the human life would never be fulfilled. And then Buddha decided to give his teachings.For the remaining 45 years of his life, the Buddha devote his rest of his life bringing his teachings the Dharma the rudimentary laws of all things into the world. He preached his first sermon in Sarnath, near Varanasi. He taught that the world is full of sorrows and people suffer on account of desire. Hence desires needed to be conquered by following Eightfold Path. Of these octad paths, the first three would visualize physical control, the next two ensures mental con trol, and the last two would ensure intellectual development. It is said that the Buddha traveled in the Gangetic Plain, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and southernNepal, teaching a various range of people from nobles to outcaste street sweepers, murderers such as Angulimala, and cannibals such as Alavaka. Cast was extraneous to the Buddha so his teachings focused within the universe. From the outset, Buddhism was equally open to all races and classes, and had no caste structure, as was the rule for most Hindus in the-then society. Bliss, nirvana the Buddha taught could be found in a freeing movement through the practice of meditation the Buddha showed to his followers how to come to the terms with their own roiling thoughts and desires by paying attention to them, by becoming aware becoming mindful.What Buddha realizes is that if we can get rid of this central misunderstanding of the nature of itself based on egotism, we wont screw up everything we do, because we are thinki ng about it in a wrong way. Once you stop centering your feelings about feelings on yourselves, what naturally arise are simple compassions, compassions for your own sufferings and others as well. For decades the Buddha shared his teachings all across north eastern India that all beings are happy, he taught weak or strong, great or small.He said let us appreciate all creatures as a mother her only child. Bare foot in his robes he was exempt walking along the roads when he was eighty an old age was upon him his back hurt, his stomach was often in pain, I am old worn out he told to a trusted disciple like a deflated craft held together within straps, the world is so sweet he said that he could understands to wanting to live at least another century but he was fragile and exhausted he become ill at the village named Kushinagar near Nepal.Kushinagar is revered by the pilgrims where the Buddha finally left this world. It was in Kushinagar where he grew weak and has to laid on his sid e in a quite grove of Sal trees as near the end his disciples began to weep striking with grief. But the Buddha reassured them that all things change he said whatever is born is subject to decay. He was saying these is natural work out he tells his disciples, use this time, use the energy here even this, for your own awakening , so he use even his own death and their sadness as a time to remind them of what they real task was.In short Now, Buddhism is more than 2500 years old there are more than 350 trillion followers in the world who follows Buddhism. The gist is Buddhism arose as a result of Siddhartha Gautams quest for prescience in around the 6th century BC. There is no belief in a person-to-person God in Buddhism. It is not centered on the relationship between humanity and god. Buddhists believe that null is fixed or permanent- change is always possible. The two main Buddhist Sects are Theravada Buddhism and Mahayam Buddhism, but there are many more.There is not particular place where Buddhists can worships they can worships both at home or at a temple. The path to enlightenment is through the practice and development of morality, intermediation and wisdom. It may be that after I am gone that some of you will think that now we have no teacher but that is not how you should see it, let the dharma and the discipline that I have taught you be your teacher, all individual things pass away strive on untiringly Buddhas last words. The fundamental need for the peace is the peace in the individuals mind.We can give others only the values and idea that we possess. notwithstanding the happy and satisfied person, therefore, can provide the happiness and love to others and be able to unite people. The present world situation is the result of our way of thinking. World peace is possible only when all the people love each other. If everybody thinks about each other we would not have problems, but we are commonplace in our thinking and define everything according to ourselves or group or community or country. If we slue from another, we steal from ourselves.Instead, we should learn to give and take care of things that belong to our family, to the school, or to the public. Proper conduct shows rate for oneself and others. Our bodies are gifts from our parents, so we should protect them from harm. Young people should especially keep their natures pure and develop their virtue. It is up to them to make the world a better place to live. Religion is religion only when it unites people and not if divides. We therefore, need conversation from leaders to masters, religious persons to spiritual persons to achieve a level of World Peace.

Author’s thesis Essay Example for Free

Authors thesis Essay1. reviewer headspring What is the authors thesis? The authors thesis revolves around the different ways wherein Carl depose maximize his roles and capabilities in the profession he is associated with. Under this process, it requires an active communication of responsibilities and at the similar time carefully sagacity the planning and implementation process of his objective. This then athletic supporters strengthen his department and allows him to grow at the same time. 2. Reviewer question Is the thesis clearly stated? If not, how would you help the source restate it?Looking at the article, the thesis statement was not clearly stated within the introduction or beginning of the paper. Though the memorial was thorough in elaborating on ideas, the reader shall decipher relevant information in order for the of import idea to be infrastood. If I was the writer, I would try to create one to two sentences wherein I get out elaborate the central idea of my register and concern. source question List the changes amaze based on this feedback. Also disposition those suggestions that were offered but that you did not profess, and exempt why you did not make the suggestions.Reviewer question Does the essays body stick to the main topic? If not, where does it digress, and how could the writer revise the paper to make it stay more on the main topic? The essay main body does stick to the disceptation made by the author in the introduction. Though it lacks a clearly stated thesis statement, the deliver the goods paragraphs offer the readers a clear view of what are the (1) background, (2) prevalent problems, (3) what needs to be done and (4) recommendations for the issue. On the other hand, the writer must take a look at the transition and coherence of the paper.sometimes there are different paragraphs that do not connect with the overall content and scope of the paper. Writer question List the changes made based on this feedback. Also list those suggestions that were offered but that you did not make, and explain why you did not make the suggested changes. 4. Reviewer question Does the paper contain any ambiguously-worded or enigmatical sentences? Please list them below and offer a suggested revision for each one you identify. The paper besides contains several errors that need to be addressed. For example, the first sentence in the introduction seems confusing.The use of the word epitome was phrased incorrectly to address the idea. In here, the word analyze should be used instead. At the same time, under the key problems, the last sentence must also be looked into. The use of the word issues does not admit with the succeeding phrase in the sentence. Either the word is changed to singular or plural form depending on the writers preference. Writer question List the changes made based on this feedback. Also list those suggestions that were offered but that you did not make, and explain why you did not make the suggested changes. 5.Reviewer question Which closing dodging did the writer use? Is the closing effective? Why or why not? Offer a revision suggestion for making the closing more effective. The strategy that the writer used revolves around providing a summary of what happened to the case of Carl. Analyzing this, it may prove to be effective on one point notwithstanding this could have been changed to a more assumptive tone. This is because his case was already pointed out in the beginning and core part of the paper. The readers already know what the consequences of his actions are and what it can provide to the company.One way to reinforce this study is by outlining in the closing further strategies Carl can do to maximize his potential and responsibilities. At the same time, it can also include new approaches and methods that can justify his position and further his role in addressing the current trends. Writer question List the changes made based on this feedback. Also lis t those suggestions that were offered but that you did not make, and explain why you did not make the suggested changes? 6. Reviewer question Please give the writer feedback regarding the essays effect on you.The essay was good in terms of providing information just about the case and was able to outline the processes in a coherent manner. However, there needs to be changes in the way the thesis statement is presented, some grammatical considerations and the closing strategy. By trying to do these things, it can have further effect on readers because it can help them learn from the problems experienced by Carl and at the same time, understand the solutions and alternatives that are available in such conflict.Likewise, the use of simple words did help the reader further decipher the information and content and helped that ca cater to further comprehension of the topic. In the end, the writer should seek to address the proposed changes to help further the ideas surrounding the issue. Writer question List the changes made based on this feedback. Also list those that were offered but that you did not make, and explain why you did not make the suggested changes.

Mobile Systems Paper Essay Example for Free

Mobile Systems Paper EssayWith so m whatever an other(prenominal) web and mobile applications available today, it is difficult to find a particular one that impacts more individuals and businesses than others. many an(prenominal) applications perform one or two tasks well, but I believe Google engage is one of those applications that anyone behind find intakeful. Whether youre a student or a business person, Google start good deal be of use in anyones life.Google Drive is unique because it has several different purposes and functions. The first function of Google Drive is its streak storage. Google Drive itself gives its users 5GB of free space to upload documents, music, pictures, and videos to keep as a backup or to share with others. If needed, storage size can be expanded up to 16TB for a fee. Another deliver that is key to Google Drive is it incorporates its Docs application as well as Gmail in it. This allows users to create documents, spreadsheets, presentation s, and more that allow automatically save right to Google Drive and also give the ability to share it through email. otherwise aspects that can be found on Google Drive is that it is available on every modern browser, but alongside that Drive will offer the ability to view up to 30 different charge types (Geek.com,2012). One final way that Google Drive can this instant be used is on any Android or iOS device. Users can now create, edit and view almost everything the same as they would if they were on their computer using it.Although some of the features of Google Drive are similar to that of other applications, There is no other application that currentlines as many features into one application to make its users as cultivatable and efficient as possible. With the incorporation of Google Docs and Gmail, users can create and share without having to open multiple applications. Another great change that it has brought to users is that it working with practically everything. Driv e works on all browsers and all Android and iOS devices, so people can get work done at anytime, anywhere whether it is for school or work. Being a student, I feel this application has lowered school costs due to it being free and the fact that it has cloud storage.Students no longer have to have flash drives at the computer lab, now they can moreover log into Google Drive and access everything they need. And, with the addition of the mobile fluctuations of Google Drive, last minute edits of papers andpresentations are no longer a reason for a melt down. The final benefit Google Drive gives to its consumers is the ability for Gmail to withdraw up to a 10GB file because of its integration. The attachment is technically a link for the recipient to download, but it alter users to have the luxury of sharing large videos or other data very easy and unseamed (Geek.com,2012).With the exception of a few items, Google Drive contains an abundance of features needed for common tasks. One item that Drive is lacking is media streaming. This definitely needs to develop a future enhancement so users can stream their music and videos from their drive application on mobile devices. With media streaming alterd, many users would only need to use Google Drive and could un clutter their home screen full of unecessary applications. The other enhancement that is directed towards the mobile version only is that users cannot create spreadsheets, forms, or drawings at this time (LaptopMag.com,2012). I am sure that Google will enable this in future updates, but it does cause some restriction for users for the time being.Mobile technology has become a necessity for students and business persons to stay productive while not in front of their everyday computer. Google Drive is now expanding how mobile devices can be effective by letting users share, store, create, and edit items from anywhere. This allows users more control on how they spend their time instead of being dependent on being in front of a computer. I know as a Google Drive user that it has helped me stay productive by storing all of my school work in their cloud storage. I can work from my shout or on any computer and it all works the same. I believe Google Drives consistency surrounded by operating systems and devices is what makes this application so nice. No matter what I am using Google Drive on I can feel comfortable using it.ReferencesLaptopMag.com (2012, April 27). Google Drive Review.Retrieved from Laptopmag.com.Geek.com (2012, April 24). Google Drive has arrived, clearly targetsbusinesses. Retrieved from Geek.com.Geek.com (2012, November 27). With Google Drive integration, Gmail now offers 10GB attachments.Retrieved from Geek.com.

The Manager of a shop in Kirkham Mr. Peterson Essay Example for Free

The Manager of a sponsor in Kirkham Mr. Peterson EssayThe Manager of a shop in Kirkham Mr. Peterson (Eclipse) has asked me to produce a intro for the release of the rude(a) encourage Xbox to run in the shop windows that bequeath display solely the new features and games coming for it. Before this idea he intentd to just put a few posters up displaying the information. To produce this poster the manger used to just design the posters by hand and photocopy them. This is one(a) manual way of designing the poster the new way will look better headmaster and will be a lot easier to produce. There are a number of possible methods of figure out this problem.I could use an animateness but school does not come one of these. I adjudge used a language called visual basic before. This lets me move school text and pictures but this is very quantify consuming and I dont know how to do this. The only quick and simple solution would be to use a presentation package like Microsoft PowerPoint or Lotus Freelance. The manager of Eclipse wants the following to come on in the presentation The playground slide head should attract more attention by different spirit executions Information on the release dates and costs of the products.Reviews of at least 5 games and some computer hardware reviews. There should be a clear, introductory slide including a picture and information about the Xbox console. The slide show should be stay the same color through all the slide show to enlighten it look more professional All text should be easy to read from a length The slides should move on every 8 seconds automatically The slide show should run independent of the drug user All of these can be done very easily in Microsoft PowerPoint and use from a broadcast such as paintPaint Shop Pro to customize the pictures.All so I may use internet explorer (web browser) to gather more information and pictures. I will too be using camerascanner to get picture of the consolegame s. Analyze I have decided to use Microsoft PowerPoint to solve the problem that he manager of eclipse has set me. This will allow in me to solve all of the problems set in the identify section. Other software and hardware that I will include Software Reason Paint Shop Pro To deviate some of the images downloaded from the net, taken from clipart, to alter photographs and create my own camera software To transfer the images from the camera onto diskInternet Explorer The internet browser that I will use school/home to get information on the show and collect various images Scanner Software To scan images Magazines To get more information about the games/hardware A sound editor The school doesnt have one at the moment but I will need one to cut down the sounds Hardware Reason Fuji Finepix 2600 To take pictures of the console and pads Canon CanoScan To scan images from magazines HP DeskJet 1220PS To print the images so that the manager of eclipse can check the layout commentary I will be collecting information from a number of sources. These includeGetting all the information that the manager know about the Xbox. Going on the internet to find out what other(a) people know about the Xbox. Pictures of the Xbox from the internet, camera and scanner. Sounds already on PowerPoint to give flying in effect and sounds from the internet. Processing I will probably need to change the case size and type of the constitution so that it becomes easy to read. Similarly I will need to make sure that the nerve coloring is adjusted so that it stands out against the background. I then decided to keep the same background and font for all of the slides to make it look more professional.So I will make the background and font as interesting and eye-catching. The digital pictures will need processing. Either by using paint shop pro to adjust the colours or the cropping tool in PowerPoint. I will change the look of the image. In PowerPoint I may need to rotate the images. In PowerP oint I will animate the text and the images. I will make a random transition between one slide and the next. The animation effects and the slide transitions will move on after a few seconds. I may need to take the sound clips into a music editor to remove parts of the sounds I dont need. Output.The chief(prenominal) output will be a minimum of 7 slides. In order to check if the presentation is OK for the manager of eclipse I will print out the presentation with 6 slides on a piece of paper. Backup/Security Since the majority of the work will be done at school where the work will be saved on the school network. This means that the work will be backed up every night. During a lesson I will save my work regularly-just in case the power fails or if theres a problem with the computer. Once the presentation has been installed, the computer that runs the program is locked external so that no one can alter the programme.

CPT Literary Significance Notes Essay Example for Free

CPT Literary Significance Notes Essay speckle * Liesel, her mother and her brother Werner are all travelling on a train, to greet Werners and Liesels boost parents. * Liesel, illiterate has a dream o Adolf Hitler and speaks to him in broken German. * As she is half awake, Liesels brother dies, and in that respect were two Nazi soldiers who argue on weather they leave the body there or manoeuver it with them. * Both Liesel and her mother are traumatized by his sudden death and 2 days later he is buried. * After the ceremony finishes Liesel digs at his grave further is dragged out-of-door by her mother, notwithstanding forwards demoraliseting on another train Liesel steals a watchword she is unable to even read the style of.* She is taken to a place in Munich called Himmel -Heaven to meet genus Rosa and Hans Hubermann, her foster parents. * She refuses to meet or get out of the car with her suitcase that unaccompanied contains her clothes and the obligate she stole fro m her brothers gravesite. * The nevertheless person that manages to get her out of the awe is her foster obtain. * Liesel feels abandoned by her mother, but chthonicstands that its bettor for her to live there and be protected from the poverty she also learns that her father was a communist, but she doesnt yet know the meaning of that word. * Liesels foster mother acts stingingly upon her and calls her a pig girl when she refuses to bathe, but claims to loves her.* Her foster father, Hans develops a closer relationship with her and teaches her how to roll cigarettes. she starts calling them mama and papa * Liesel got terrible nightmares to the highest degree her brother the first few months and was accompanied by Hans, who she unploughed the book hidden from. * She kept the book as a symbol reminding her the last time she saw her brother, and the last time she saw her mother. * Liesel is cast in school but has to stay with a much younger grade, effective learning the alpha bet. When she turns cristal she piths the Hitler Youth. * Liesel makes a friend names Rudy who stands up for her when other kids call her stupid.* They always pass Rudys fathers thin out shop and a street with broken homes with yellows stars (Star of David) on them. * Jesse Owens is a smutty runner Rudy is obsessed with, he colours himself black with charcoal and is dragged and lectured at home by his father, saying not to pretend to be black or Jewish because of the racist Nazis * Hans discovers the stolen book and agrees to teach her how to read, even though he himself is a poor reader. * Hans teaches Liesel every night, and continues to comfort her after her nightmares.* Liesel is later put into a class of her own level, but is not asked to perform same tasks because of her teacher, babe Maria. * the whole class but Liesel is asked to read in strawman of the class, Liesel insists and is embarrassed in front of the whole class when she is unable to read and beaten by Sister M aria. * Liesel is arousede amusement of by many students but get angry to a point where she overcome Tommy and Ludwig up. She is upset about being called stupid and remembering her brother, Rudy walks her home and comforts her. Character* Death- narrator * Liesel Meminger-(The book thief) a nine year old, steals books even though she doesnt know how to read. Liesels love for words is incredible. strained to move in with foster parents, because her mother is unable to keep her safe or take care of her needs. She is determined to be able to read and write. She doesnt know what is actually mishap around her, and the circumstance that the Nazis and Hitler are taking control and using their power for evil. * Hans Hubermann- Liesel papa, her foster father. She describes him as a very high-pitched and genuinely nice man, his kindness and gentleness is what makes Liesel close to him, we are told that he is the one that Liesel loves most. Protecting and dowry others is what he does, he is a painter and used to be a part in the army.He doesnt support Hitler or the Nazi but in orderliness to protect his family and show homage to his people he applies for a membership multiple times. He is well known and same(p) in the town but some people call him Jew lover He teaches Liesel how to read even though he himself is at 4th grade ability. He makes her feel safe and their relationship becomes very strong. * Rosa Hubermann- Liesels foster mother, her job is to do the ironing and washing for the wealthy people from the town, she is a very low temperature woman with a very foul mouth. Death tells us that even though she is very harsh towards her husband and Liesel she loves them both very much and deep inside actually has a very defective and worm heart.* Rudy Steiner- Is one of Liesel very first and only true friend. He loves Liesel and stands up for her, he keeps her caller-up and is able to cheer her up when she is down, just like how Hans is able to. He was also referred to as the boy who was obsessed with the black American athlete Jesse Owens. * Alex Steiner- Rudys father was a part of the Nazi part, only to protect his family. He had nothing against Jews, he found his son coloured black in order to represent Jesse Owens and gave him a lecture that he should be dashing to be white, not black. an be proud that he has beautiful blonde hair and big blue eyes, and he should want to be like a black person or a Jew * Hans Junior and Trudy Hubermann- The Hubermanns children, Hans and his father dont lease a close relationship because he does not think his father tries hard enough to join the Nazi party which he supports greatly, and Trudy is a maid and babysitter for the wealthy.* Frau Holtzapel- A neighbour that spit on the Hubermanns door every time she walked past * Sister Maria- A halo surrounded the grim reaper nun beat Liesel for wanting to read in front of the class which she was unable to do, made fun and didnt believe in Liesel. * Theme Discrimination- Hitler effected and killed many people, Liesel did not know that, she was unaware of what was happening around her because she was so young, In their town all the Jews were getting their homes and stores shut down and taken away from them. Even if you didnt support the Nazi party you would have to apply to it to protect your family and yourself from being questioned and killed.Jesse Owens had just completed the 4x100m relay and won his fourth gold medal. Talk that he was subhuman because he was black and Hitlers refusal to shake his hand were touted around the world. Even the most racist Germans were amazed with the efforts of Owens.Love and Friendship-Liesel and her father bonded and she felt closest to him right away, she was sent to him and his wife because her mother was unable to take care of her, she was mad at her but understood that it was the right thing to do, her love for her mother and brother was indescribable, when her brother died it was as if h er world had collapsed, she had constant nightmares about being at his grave site for a long time. someplace in all the snow, she could see her broken heart, in two pieces. Each half was glowing, and beating under all that white. Style/ Literary Devices Discrimination-But youve got beautiful bond hair and big SAFE blue eyes, you should be happy with that, is that clear?Metaphor- Rudys dad was telling him he should be glad he is incomplete black nor Jewish, and be thankful that he has blond hair and blue eyes, Hitlers preference that kept him safe.Love and Friendship-Like cigarettes and kerosene. Sitting in the water, she imagined the smell of it, mapped out on her papas clothes. More than anything, it was the smell of friendship, and she could find it on herself, too. Liesel love that smell. She would sniff her arm and smile as the water cooled around her. Metaphor- Liesel love her papa just as much as he loved her, his scent made her feel safe and she felt comfortable, she loved it. She knew that her papa would keep her safe and they would do anything for each other.

Why Literature Essay Example for Free

Why Literature EssayIt has often happened to me, at control fairs or in bookstores, that a gentleman approaches me and asks me for a signature. It is for my wife, my young daughter, or my mother, he explains. She is a great(p) he atomic number 18r and crawl ins lit. straight I ask And what roughly you? bustt you analogous to ask? The answer is nearly al routes the same Of course I like to read, exclusively I am a re al unmatchabley busy person. I postulate heard this explanation dozens of dates this man and numerous thousands of hands like him have so some important things to do, so many obligations, so many responsibilities in sprightliness sentence, that they dopenot waste their precious epoch buried in a tonic, a book of poetry, or a literary essay for hours and hours. According to this widespread conception, literature is a dispensable activity, no doubt ideal and useful for cultivating sensitivity and good manners, but essenti aloney an entertainment, an adornment that solitary(prenominal) people with time for recreation can afford.It is something to fit in between sports, the movies, a game of bridge or chess and it can be sacrificed without scruple when one prioritizes the tasks and the duties that be indispensable in the struggle of life. It have the appearance _or_ semblances clear that literature has become to a greater extent than(prenominal) and more than(prenominal) a female activity. In bookstores, at conferences or public readings by writers, and even off in university de set outments dedicated to the kindities, the women clearly outnumber the men.The explanation traditionally given is that middle-class women read more because they resolve fewer hours than men, and so many of them feel that they can vindicatoryify more slow than men the time that they devote to fantasy and illusion. I am somewhat allergic to explanations that divide men and women into frozen categories and impute to each sex its character istic virtues and shortcomings but thither is no doubt that there atomic number 18 fewer and fewer readers of literature, and that among the saving remnant of readers women predominate.This is the case almost everywhere. In Spain, for example, a recent look into form by the General Society of Spanish Writers revealed that half of that countrys population has never read a book. The survey as easy revealed that in the minority that does read, the number of women who admitted to reading surpasses the number of men by 6. 2 percent, a difference that appears to be increasing. I am happy for these women, but I feel sorry for these men, and for the millions of merciful organisms who could read but have decided not to read.They earn my pity not that because they argon unaw be of the pleasure that they be missing, but too because I am convinced that a ball club without literature, or a hostel in which literature has been relegatedlike some isolated viceto the margins of affectio nate and personal life, and transform into something like a sectarian cult, is a purchase order condemned to become uncannyly barbaric, and even to jeopardize its freedom.I wish to offer a few arguments against the idea of literature as a luxury pastime, and in favor of viewing it as one of the most primary and necessary undertakings of the mind, an ir renewable activity for the constitution of citizens in a red-brick and democratic society, a society of free individuals. pic e blistering in the era of the speciality of intimacy, thank to the prodigious development of science and engineering and to the consequent fragmentation of knowledge into innumerable parcels and com fragmentisements. This cultural trend is, if anything, likely to be accentuated in years to come.To be sure, specialization brings many benefits. It allows for deeper exploration and greater experimentation it is the very engine of growth. Yet it also has negative consequences, for it eliminates those co mmon coiffure noetic and cultural traits that permit men and women to co-exist, to communicate, to feel a sense of solidarity. Specialization leads to a deprivation of accessible actualiseing, to the division of merciful beings into ghettos of technicians and specialists. The specialization of knowledge requires specialized lyric poems and increasingly arcane codes, as information becomes more and more specific and compartmentalized.This is the particularism and the division against which an old proverb warned us do not focus to a fault much on the branch or the leaf, lest you forget that they are part of a tree, or to a fault much on the tree, lest you forget that it is part of a forest. Awareness of the existence of the forest creates the smelling of generality, the feeling of belonging, that binds society together and prevents it from disintegrating into a myriad of solipsistic particularities. The solipsism of nations and individuals produces paranoia and delirium, dist ortions of reality that generate hatred, wars, and even genocide.In our time, science and technology cannot play an integrating role, precisely because of the infinite naughtyness of knowledge and the speed of its evolution, which have led to specialization and its obscurities. But literature has been, and provide continue to be, as long as it exists, one of the common denominators of valet de chambre interpret through with(predicate) which merciful beings whitethorn recognize themselves and converse with each other, no matter how disparate their professions, their life plans, their geographical and cultural locations, their personal circumstances.It has enabled individuals, in all the particularities of their lives, to transcend narrative as readers of Cervantes, Shakespeare, Dante, and Tolstoy, we understand each other across space and time, and we feel ourselves to be members of the same species because, in the works that these writers created, we apprise what we share a s human beings, what remains common in all of us under the bighearted range of differences that separate us.Nothing bust protects a human being against the stupidity of harm, racism, religious or political sectarianism, and exclusivist nationalism than this truth that invariably appears in great literature that men and women of all nations and places are essentially equal, and that scarce injustice sows among them discrimination, fear, and exploitation. Nothing teaches us better than literature to see, in ethnic and cultural differences, the profuseness of the human patrimony, and to prize those differences as a manifestation of worlds multi-faceted creativity.Reading good literature is an experience of pleasure, of course but it is also an experience of learning what and how we are, in our human integrity and our human imperfection, with our actions, our dreams, and our ghosts, simply and in relationships that link us to others, in our public image and in the secret recesses of our consciousness. pic his complex vegetable marrow of contradictory truthsas Isaiah Berlin called themconstitutes the very substance of the human condition. In todays world, this totalizing and living knowledge of a human being may be found only in literature.Not even the other branches of the humanitiesnot philosophy, history, or the arts, and certainly not the hearty scienceshave been able to preserve this integrating vision, this prevalentizing discourse. The humanities, too, have succumbed to the cancerous division and subdivision of knowledge, single out themselves in increasingly segmented and technical sectors whose ideas and vocabularies lie beyond the reach of the common woman and man. around critics and theorists would even like to change literature into a science. But this ordain never happen, because fiction does not exist to investigate only a single precinct of experience.It exists to enrich through the imagination the entirety of human life, which cannot be dismembered, disarticulated, or reduced to a series of schemas or formulas without disappearing. This is the meaning of Prousts observation that real life, at last enlightened and revealed, the only life fully lived, is literature. He was not exaggerating, nor was he expressing only his love for his own vocation. He was advancing the particular proposition that as a result of literature life is better understood and better lived and that living life more fully necessitates living it and sharing it with others.The brotherly link that literature establishes among human beings, compelling them to enter into dialogue and making them conscious of a common origin and a common goal, transcends all temporal barriers. Literature transports us into the past and links us to those who in bygone eras plotted, savored, and dreamed through those texts that have come down to us, texts that now allow us also to enjoy and to dream. This feeling of membership in the collective human experience ac ross time and space is the highest achievement of culture, and nothing contributes more to its renewal in every generation than literature. p i c t always irritated Borges when he was asked, What is the use of literature? It seemed to him a stupid question, to which he would reply No one would ask what is the use of a canarys song or a delightful sunset. If such beautiful things exist, and if, thanks to them, life is even for an instant little ugly and less sad, is it not petty to seek practical justifications? But the question is a good one. For novels and poems are not like the sound of birdsong or the spectacle of the sun sinking into the horizon, because they were not created by chance or by nature.They are human creations, and it is therefore legitimate to ask how and why they came into the world, and what is their purpose, and why they have lasted so long. literary works are born, as shapeless ghosts, in the intimacy of a writers consciousness, projected into it by the combine strength of the unconscious, and the writers sensitivity to the world around him, and the writers emotions and it is these things to which the poet or the narrator, in a struggle with words, gradually gives form, body, movement, rhythm, harmony, and life.An soupy life, to be sure, a life imagined, a life made of languageyet men and women seek out this artificial life, some frequently, others sporadically, because real life falls short for them, and is incapable of offering them what they want. Literature does not produce to exist through the work of a single individual. It exists only when it is adopted by others and becomes a part of social lifewhen it becomes, thanks to reading, a shared experience. One of its first beneficial effects takes place at the level of language.A community without a written literature expresses itself with less precision, with less richness of nuance, and with less clarity than a community whose principal instrument of communication, the word , has been cultivated and perfected by means of literary texts. A humanity without reading. untouched by literature, would resemble a community of deaf-mutes and aphasics, afflicted by ugly problems of communication due to its gross and rudimentary language. This is true for individuals, too.A person who does not read, or reads little, or reads only trash, is a person with an impediment he can speak much but he lead say little, because his vocabulary is deficient in the means for self-expression. This is not only a vocal limitation. It re sits also a limitation in intellect and in imagination. It is a poverty of thought, for the simple priming coat that ideas, the concepts through which we grasp the secrets of our condition, do not exist apart from words.We learn how to speak correctlyand deeply, rigorously, and subtlyfrom good literature, and only from good literature. No other discipline or branch of the arts can substitute for literature in crafting the language that people need to communicate. To speak well, to have at ones disposal a rich and diverse language, to be able to find the appropriate expression for every idea and every emotion that we want to communicate, is to be better prepared to think, to teach, to learn, to converse, and also to fantasize, to dream, to feel.In a surreptitious way, words bounce in all our actions, even in those actions that seem far removed from language. And as language evolved, thanks to literature, and reached high levels of refinement and manners, it increased the possibility of human enjoyment. Literature has even served to confer upon love and propensity and the cozy act itself the status of artistic creation. Without literature, eroticism would not exist. Love and pleasure would be poorer, they would lack delicacy and exquisiteness, they would fail to attain to the intensity that literary fantasy offers.It is hardly an exaggeration to say that a couple who have read Garcilaso, Petrarch, Gongora, or Baudelaire value pleasure and experience pleasure more than unskilled people who have been made into idiots by televisions soap operas. In an illiterate world, love and desire would be no distinct from what satisfies animals, nor would they transcend the crude fulfillment of elementary instincts. Nor are the audiovisual media equipped to replace literature in this task of teaching human beings to use with assurance and with skill the extraordinarily rich possibilities that language encompasses.On the contrary, the audiovisual media tend to relegate words to a secondary level with approve to images, which are the primordial language of these media, and to constrain language to its oral expression, to its indispensable minimum, far from its written dimension. To circumscribe a film or a television program as literary is an elegant way of saying that it is boring. For this reason, literary programs on the radio or on television rarely capture the public. So far as I know, the only exception to this rule was Bernard Pivots program, Apostrophes, in France.And this leads me to think that not only is literature indispensable for a full knowledge and a full mastery of language, but its mess is linked also and indissolubly with the fate of the book, that industrial product that many are now declaring obsolete. pic his brings me to Bill Gates.He was in Madrid not long ago and visited the Royal Spanish Academy, which has embarked upon a joint make believe with Microsoft.Among other things, Gates assured the members of the Academy that he would personally guarantee that the letter - would never be removedfrom ready reckoner softwarea promise that allowed four hundred million Spanish speakers on five continents to stay a sigh of relief, since the banishment of such an essential letter from cyberspace would have created monumental problems. Immediately after making his amiable concession to the Spanish language, however, Gates, before even leaving the premises of the Academ y, verify in a press conference that he expected to accomplish his highest goal before he died.That goal, he explained, is to put an end to motif and then to books.In his judgment, books are anachronistic objects. Gates argued that ready reckoner screens are able to replace paper in all the functions that paper has heretofore assumed. He also insisted that, in addition to being less onerous, computing machines take up less space, and are more easily transportable and also that the transmission of news and literature by these electronic media, instead of by newspapers and books, will have the ecological advantage of stopping the destruction of forests, a cataclysm that is a consequence of the paper industry.People will continue to read, Gates assured his listeners, but they will read on computer screens, and consequently there will be more chlorophyll in the environment. I was not present at Gatess little discourse I learned these details from the press. Had I been there I would have booed Gates for proclaiming shamelessly his intention to send me and my colleagues, the writers of books, directly to the unemployment line. And I would have vigorously disputed his analysis. foundation the screen really replace the book in all its aspects? I am not so certain. I am fully aware of the enormous revolution that new technologies such as the earnings have caused in the fields of communication and the sharing of information, and I confess that the Internet provides invaluable suffice to me every day in my work but my gratitude for these extraordinary conveniences does not imply a belief that the electronic screen can replace paper, or that reading on a computer can stand in for literary reading.That is a chasm that I cannot cross. I cannot accept the idea that a non-functional or non-pragmatic act of reading, one that seeks neither information nor a useful and immediate communication, can amalgamate on a computer screen the dreams and the pleasures of words with the same sensation of intimacy, the same mental submerging and spiritual isolation, that may be achieved by the act of reading a book. Perhaps this a prejudice resulting from lack of practice, and from a long association ofliterature with books and paper.But even though I enjoy surfing the Web in search of world news, I would never go to the screen to read a poem by Gongora or a novel by Onetti or an essay by Paz, because I am certain that the effect of such a reading would not be the same. I am convinced, although I cannot prove it, that with the disappearance of the book, literature would fix a serious blow, even a mortal one. The term literature would not disappear, of course.Yet it would almost certainly be used to mention a type of text as distant from what we understand as literature today as soap operas are from the tragedies of Sophocles and Shakespeare. pic here is still another reason to grant literature an important place in the life of nations. Without it, the full of life mind, which is the real engine of historical change and the best protector of liberty, would suffer an irreparable loss. This is because all good literature is radical, and poses radical questions about the world in which we live.In all great literary texts, often without their authors intending it, a seditious inclination is present. Literature says nothing to those human beings who are satisfied with their lot, who are content with life as they now live it. Literature is the food of the mutinous spirit, the promulgator of non-conformities, the refuge for those who have too much or too little in life. One seeks chancel in literature so as not to be unhappy and so as not to be incomplete.To ride alongside the scrawny Rocinante and the confused Knight on the fields of La Mancha, to travel the seas on the back of a whale with Captain Ahab, to drink arsenic with Emma Bovary, to become an insect with Gregor Samsa these are all ways that we have invented to divest ourselves o f the wrongs and the impositions of this unjust life, a life that forces us always to be the same person when we wish to be many different people, so as to satisfy the many desires that possess us.Literature pacifies this vital dissatisfaction only momentarilybut in this miraculous instant, in this provisional suspension of life, literary illusion lifts and transports us outside of history, and we become citizens of a timeless land, and in this way immortal. We become more intense, richer, more complicated, happier, and more lucid than we are in the constrained routine of ordinary life. When we close the book and abandon literary fiction, we return to actual existence and compare it to the splendid land that we have just left. What a disappointment awaits usYet a tremendous realization also awaits us, namely, that the fantasized life of the novel is bettermore beautiful and more diverse, more comprehensible and more perfectthan the life that we live while awake, a life conditioned b y the limits and the tedium of our condition. In this way, good literature, genuine literature, is always subversive, unsubmissive, rebellious a repugn to what exists. How could we not feel cheated after reading War and Peace or Remembrance of Things Past and travel to our world of insignificant details, of boundaries and prohibitions that lie in wait everywhere and, with each step, corrupt our illusions?Even more than the need to sustain the continuity of culture and to enrich language, the greatest contribution of literature to human progress is perhaps to remind us (without intending to, in the majority of cases) that the world is badly made and that those who pretend to the contrary, the unchewable and the lucky, are lying and that the world can be improved, and made more like the worlds that our imagination and our language are able to create.A free and democratic society must have responsible and critical citizens conscious of the need continuously to examine the world that we inhabit and to try, even though it is more and more an impossible task, to make it more closely resemble the world that we would like to inhabit. And there is no better means of fomenting dissatisfaction with existence than the reading of good literature no better means of forming critical and free citizens who will not be manipulated by those who govern them, and who are endowed with a permanent spiritual mobility and a vibrant imagination.Still, to call literature seditious because it sensitizes a readers consciousness to the imperfections of the world does not meanas churches and governments seem to think it means when they establish censorshipthat literary texts will provoke immediate social upheavals or renovate revolutions. The social and political effects of a poem, a play, or a novel cannot be foreseen, because they are not collectively made or collectively experienced. They are created by individuals and they are read by individuals, who vary enormously in the conclus ions that they draw from their writing and their reading.For this reason, it is fractious, or even impossible, to establish precise patterns. Moreover, the social consequences of a work of literature may have little to do with its aesthetic quality. A fair novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe seems to have played a decisive role in raising social and political consciousness of the horrors of slavery in the United States. The fact that these effects of literature are difficult to identify does not imply that they do not exist. The important point is that they are effects brought about by the actions of citizens whose personalities have been formed in part by books.Good literature, while temporarily relieving human dissatisfaction, actually increases it, by developing a critical and non-conformist attitude toward life. It might even be tell that literature makes human beings more likely to be unhappy. To live dissatisfied, and at war with existence, is to seek things that may not be there , to condemn oneself to fight futile battles, like the battles that Colonel Aureliano Buenda fought in One Hundred old age of Solitude, knowing full well that he would lose them all.All this may be true. Yet it is also true that without rebellion against the mediocrity and the squalor of life, we would still live in a primitive state, and history would have stopped. The autonomous individual would not have been created, science and technology would not have progressed, human rights would not have been recognized, freedom would not have existed. All these things are born of unhappiness, of acts of defiance against a life perceived as insufficient or intolerable.For this spirit that scorns life as it isand searches with the madness of Don Quixote, whose insanity derived from the reading of chivalric novelsliterature has served as a great spur. pi c et us attempt a dotty historical reconstruction. Let us imagine a world without literature, a humanity that has not read poems or novel s. In this kind of atrophied civilization, with its puny lexicon in which groans and ape-like gesticulations would prevail over words, certain adjectives would not exist.Those adjectives include quixotic, Kafkaesque, Rabelaisian, Orwellian, sadistic, and masochistic, all terms of literary origin. To be sure, we would still have insane people, and victims of paranoia and persecution complexes, and people with special appetites and outrageous excesses, and bipeds who enjoy inflicting or receiving pain. But we would not have learned to see, behind these extremes of behavior that are prohibited by the norms of our culture, essential characteristics of the human condition.We would not have discovered our own traits, as only the talents of Cervantes, Kafka, Rabelais, Orwell, de Sade, and Sacher-Masoch have revealed them to us. When the novel Don Quixote de la Mancha appeared, its first readers made fun of this extravagant dreamer, as well as the rest of the characters in the novel. Today we know that the insistence of the caballero de la triste figura on seeing giants where there were windmills, and on acting in his seemingly absurd way, is really the highest form of generosity, and a means of reject against the misery of this world in the hope of changing it.Our very notions of the ideal, and of idealism, so redolent with a convinced(p) moral connotation, would not be what they are, would not be clear and respected values, had they not been incarnated in the athletic supporter of a novel through the persuasive force of Cervantess genius. The same can be said of that wasted and pragmatic female Quixote, Emma Bovary, who fought with ardor to live the splendid life of passion and luxury that she came to know through novels. Like a butterfly, she came too close to the flame and was burned in the fire. pic he inventions of all great literary creators open our eyes to unknown aspects of our own condition.They enable us to explore and to understand more fully the c ommon human abyss. When we say Borgesian, the word immediately conjures up the separation of our minds from the rational show of reality and the entry into a fantastic universe, a rigorous and elegant mental construction, almost always labyrinthine and arcane, and riddled with literary references and allusions, whose singularities are not foreign to us because in them we recognize hidden desires and intimate truths of our own personality that took shape only thanks to the literary creation of Jorge Luis Borges.The word Kafkaesque comes to mind, like the focus mechanism of those old cameras with their accordion arms, every time we feel threatened, as defenseless individuals, by the oppressive machines of power that have caused so much pain and injustice in the modern worldthe authoritarian regimes, the vertical parties, the intolerant churches, the asphyxiating bureaucrats.Without the short stories and the novels of that tormented Jew from Prague who wrote in German and lived always on the lookout, we would not have been able to understand the impotent feeling of the isolated individual, or the terror of persecuted and discriminated minorities, confronted with the all-embracing powers that can smash them and eliminate them without the henchmen even showing their faces.The adjective Orwellian, first cousin of Kafkaesque, gives a go to the grievous anguish, the sensation of extreme absurdity, that was generated by totalitarian dictatorships of the twentieth century, the most sophisticated, cruel, and absolute dictatorships in history, in their control of the actions and the psyches of the members of a society. In 1984, George Orwell described in cold and haunting shades a humanity subjugated to Big Brother, an absolute lord who, through an efficient combination of terror and technology, eliminated liberty, spontaneity, and equality, and transformed society into a beehive of automatons.In this nightmarish world, language also obeys power, and has been transfo rmed into newspeak, purified of all invention and all subjectivity, metamorphosed into a string of platitudes that ensure the individuals slavery to the system. It is true that the minacious prophecy of 1984 did not come to pass, and totalitarian communism in the Soviet Union went the way of totalitarian fascism in Germany and elsewhere and soon thereafter it began to deteriorate also in China, and in anachronistic Cuba and North Korea.But the danger is never whole dispelled, and the word Orwellian continues to describe the danger, and to help us to understand it. pic o literatures unrealities, literatures lies, are also a precious vehicle for the knowledge of the most hidden of human realities. The truths that it reveals are not always blandish and sometimes the image of ourselves that emerges in the mirror of novels and poems is the image of a monster.This happens when we read about the horrendous sexual butchery fantasized by de Sade, or the dark lacerations and brutal sacri fices that fill the cursed books of Sacher-Masoch and Bataille. At times the spectacle is so offensive and ferocious that it becomes irresistible. Yet the get through in these pages is not the blood, the humiliation, the abject love of torture the worst is the discovery that this violence and this excess are not foreign to us, that they are a profound part of humanity.These monsters eager for transgression are hidden in the most intimate recesses of our being and from the shadow where they live they seek a propitious occasion to manifest themselves, to impose the rule of unbridled desire that destroys rationality, community, and even existence. And it was not science that first ventured into these tenebrous places in the human mind, and discovered the destructive and the self-destructive authority that also shapes it. It was literature that made this discovery. A world without literature would be partly blind to these terrible depths, which we urgently need to see.Uncivilized, bar barian, devoid of sensitivity and crude of speech, ignorant and instinctual, inept at passion and crude at love, this world without literature, this nightmare that I am delineating, would have as its principal traits conformism and the universal submission of humankind to power. In this sense, it would also be a purely animalistic world. Basic instincts would settle the daily practices of a life characterized by the struggle for survival, and the fear of the unknown, and the satisfaction of physical necessities.There would be no place for the spirit. In this world, moreover, the crushing monotony of living would be accompanied by the sinister shadow of pessimism, the feeling that human life is what it had to be and that it will always be thus, and that no one and nothing can change it. When one imagines such a world, one is tempted to picture primitives in loincloths, the depressed magic-religious communities that live at the margins of modernity in Latin America, Oceania, and Afr ica.But I have a different failure in mind. The nightmare that I am warning about is the result not of under-development but of over-development. As a consequence of technology and our subservience to it, we may imagine a future society full of computer screens and speakers, and without books, or a society in which booksthat is, works of literaturehave become what alchemy became in the era of physics an archaic curiosity, practiced in the catacombs of the media civilization by a neurotic minority.I am afraid that this cybernetic world, in spite of its prosperity and its power, its high standard of living and its scientific achievement would be profoundly uncivilized and utterly soullessa resigned humanity of post-literary automatons who have abdicated freedom. It is highly improbable, of course, that this macabre utopia will ever come about. The end of our story, the end of history, has not yet been written, and it is not pre-determined. What we will become depends only if on our v ision and our will.But if we wish to avoid the impoverishment of our imagination, and the disappearance of the precious dissatisfaction that refines our sensibility and teaches us to speak with eloquence and rigor, and the weakening of our freedom, then we must act. More precisely, we must read. MARIO VARGAS LLOSAs new book, The Feast of the Goat, will be published by Farrar, Straus Giroux in November. He is professor of Ibero-American Literature and Culture at Georgetown University.