Personal Communication Equipment (PCE) Expansion To The U.K. - Politic :: essays research papers

This document will address two questionsThe first is whether the political organization of the United Kingdom is homogeneous enough to the United States that Americans would adapt and work comfortably there, and secondly, if the United Kingdom has a history of political constancy (how long), and is likely to continue for at least(prenominal) 10 years in the future. The answers to these questions will be used to determine marketing potential for the introduction of personal computing products to include a meshing infrastructure, manufacturing facility, and a personnel staff of 250 employees.Preliminary U.K. information indicates the following* 186 Personal computers* 503 Telephone lines* 612 Televisions* 1433 RadiosThese indicate a good market sh are for potential guest base.----------------------------------------------------------------------Parliamentary Democracy with 2 party systemHigh Adult literacy (99%)Rising annual growth rate of GNP since 1995Major Language is slopeA dequate ship and air commerce facilitiesThese address stable political and economic presence, and will require further study to determine future stability in ten years.The initial information above made the United Kingdom a choice candidate for this research. The detailed answers to the 2 main questions are addressed in this report.Question A Is the political organization of the United Kingdom similar enough to the United States that Americans would adapt and work comfortably there?The United Kingdom is a Parliamentary Democracy based on a two-chamber system. The House of Lords (the upper House) and the House of Commons (the lower house) sit singly and are constituted on different principles. The legislative process involves both Houses, with the House of Commons being the legislative branch, and House of Lords revising legislation and charge a check on Government by scrutinizing its activities. Parliament has a maximum duration of five years, and at any time up to the wind up of this period, a general election can be held for a new House of Commons. The Executive power is that of Prime Minister who is the leader of the party that wins the most seats at a General Election. The Prime Minister has powers to appoint judges such as the Lord Chancellor , create Life Peers and overhear appointments to senior positions in the Church of England. There is also a Constitutional Monarchy, which for the most part is symbolic as a result of the Bloodless novelty of 1688 . There are currently three political parties in the United Kingdom. Of these three, the Labour and Conservative are the major parties, while the Liberal Democrats (center party) are a minor party.

Cant Buy Me Love/3 Short Stories (check This Out) Essays -- essays res

Cant Buy Me LoveThe depression was an era of extremes. A person was more than likely extremely poor, or in the prosperous upper 1% that was extremely wealthy. The middle class was virtually not existent. All of these income groups, including those characterized in our three stories, demanded money because it supposedly brought happiness, but were in truth struggling to cling to the intangible, unreachable feeling of love.If money leads to love, Dexter Green has bought it a thousand times over. He valued not association with the glint things and glittering people but the glittering things themselves even if they come in the shape of an object, a person, a house, a manner, or as simple as a life (Fitzgerald Dreams 58). He is still the proud, desirous little boy of his y show uph (Dreams 64). This reincarnation of the Victorian gilded age reinstates the fact those things that look of worth energy really be empty of value inside. This glittering hollowed thing for Dexter Green appea rs as Judy Jones. He wants her he longs for her because he has everything else. Often he reached out for the best without knowing why he wanted it just another trophy on his shelf, and seemingly the gift one might give a person who has everything (Dreams 58). He is desperate for the lifestyle, the glittering things, and belonging.Judy, herself, is a symbol of wealth and to men, the ideal of love. She has proper breeding, incredible beauty, popularity, and above of all, lots of money. Though she is what men want to use as an example of love, she sess not love. Rather, she is merely the idea of love and evidently the irony of love. She has no human capacity for it for she is only acting the game to prove that she can make men conscious to the highest degree of her physical loveliness and make them fall in love with her in an instant (Dreams 65). Judy had athletics with men and was entertained only by the gratification of her desires and by the direct exercise of her own charm (Drea ms 61-2). She optimizes the evils of money and loses all that is attractive about her when fix down to marriage. She was a goddess with no morals in the eyes of men but was desperate for power, lust, and the thought of finding love.Francis and Margot add an interesting tw... ...r have (i.e. money, love, her child life, freedom from responsibilities).In Conclusion, all of these characters wanted something they could just not have. Most love, some courage, and some money, but the key here is that humans are drive by want. Money can buy a safari, or trip to Paris, or maybe a day on the links, but money can not buy happiness and money can not buy love. That is why all of these characters and all of us are desperate to feel wanted and loved because it is nothing you can buy you have to earn it.Works Cited PageFitzgerald, F. Scott. Babylon Revisited. Fiction 00. Third editionJames H. Pickering. New York Macmillan, 1982. 210-30.Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Winter Dreams. The American Traditio n in Literature. Fourth edition. Sculley Bradley. New York Grosset & Dunlap, 1974. 54-75.Hemmingway, Ernest. The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. The American Tradition in Literature. Fourth edition. Sculley Bradley. New YorkGrosset & Dunlap, 1974. 1564-90.Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of the United States. New York The New Press, 1997.

Biography of Alexander Hamilton Essay -- Hamilton Founding Father Bio

Biography of Alexander Hamilton SummaryAlexander Hamilton was most likely born(p) on January 11, 1757, although the exact year of his birth is un cognize. Hamilton was born on the Caribbean island of Nevis or St. Kitts to Rachel Fawcett and James Hamilton, but he spent the majority of his y show uph on the island of St. Croix. His formal education as a child was minimal. When his baffle died in 1768, Hamilton took his first job as a clerk in the offices of merchant Nicholas Cruger, keeping Crugers business records, and coordinating business efforts between the merchant broadcast captains, government officials, and planters. Cruger and a local Presbyteria n minister, Reverend Hugh Knox, recognized Hamiltons genius and persuaded him to leave St. Croix for sensitive York City. Alexander left the island in 1772, never to return again. In New York, Hamilton attended several preparatory academies and schools to prepare himself for college. He interviewed with John Witherspoon of the College of New Jersey, which is now known as Princeton, but eventually enrolled in Kings College, which is now known as Columbia. In 1776, Hamilton withdrew from Kings College and joined a local New York militia to fight in the American Revolution against the British. During his first year of service, Hamilton served as an artill... ...entirely out of the political world after his resignation, but his involvement in politics after the late 1790s did his cause more harm than good. In the election of 1800, for example, Hamilton unwittingly sp lit the Federalist Party to allow his rival, Thomas Jefferson, to become President of the United States. In 1804, Hamilton wrote a series of essays against another rival, Aaron Burr that was partly responsible for Burrs personnel casualty in that years New York gubernatorial race. Burr blamed Hamilton for his loss and challenged Hamilton to a duel in which he shot Hamilton. Hamilton died the next day on July 11, 1804, at the age of forty-seven.

Voltaire and the Beginning of the Enlightment Essay -- Enlightenment of

Francis Marie Arouet was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris, France. As a child, Arouet grew up in an atmosphere that strictly obeyed the rules of the church. During this time, faith in the church was an obligation for everyone in society and the authority of the church was never questioned, for this would definitely mean instant death. Meanwhile, Arouet enrolled at the Jesuit College of Louis-Le-Grande where he excelled in academics especially his skills in write. After his schooling, Arouet became noticed by much of the aristocracy for his writing and eventually was imprisoned for supposedly be two offensive works, the Puerto Regnanto and Jaivu.1 While serving his confinement, he assumed the name de Voltaire. After choosing the stark naked name, Voltaire said, I was very unlucky under my rootage name. I want to see if this one will succeed any better.2 Upon his release from the Bastille, Voltaire was exiled to England, a country he grew very fond of. At this time, freedom of sp eech was continuously exemplified throughout the country of England Voltaire found this toleration very advantageous to the beginnings of his opinion. While in England, Voltaire decided to redirect his purpose of writing he now decided to fight for the right of human liberty. From the time Voltaire moved to England through the remainder of his life, he marked the beginning of a new period, the Englightment, a time where he would continuously mock the idea of religion and reinforce the idea of human liberty and opinion fearlessly through his umteen plays, literature, and essays. Furthermore, Voltaire remained in England for three years while publishing an English version of the La Henriade, an essay concerning the defense of religious toleration.3 Aft... ...zes Voltaire the best when he comments, Probably no man ever lived who assailed the Church and the State with the same wit and keenness that always at Voltaires command and yet in spite of this he managed to live comfortably, ac cumulate rich and die in peace.13 Notes 1. Francis Marie Arouet de Voltaire. http//www.ericjonas.com/ /features/candied/Voltaire/default.asp (20 Feb. 2000). 2. Darrow, Charles. Voltaire. http//www.aracnet.com/atheism/hist/ darrow5.htm (20 Feb. 2000). 3. Francis Marie Arouet de Voltaire, 1. 4. Darrow, 6. 5. Darrow, 9. 6. Darrow, 9. 7. Darrow, 13. 8. Darrow, 17. 9. Darrow, 11. 10. Wendy McElroy, Voltaire vs. Intolerance, Free Inquiry, Winter 1999, 61. 11. Darrow, 15. 12. Darrow, 16. 13. Darrow, 4.

The Great Gatsby :: English Literature

The Great GatsbyThe capacity to dream is a natural constitutionistic have by all objet dartkind. Americans living in a country based on the philosophy of pursue massive American dreams go about pursuing their own goals inmany ways. Ironically the American dream itself is the ultimateillusion that can never satisfy those who pursue it. The Americandream was notwithstanding possible when it was a potential. Nick inFitzgeralds, The Great Gatsby, realized this as he imagines a pastwhen the Dutch first laid their eyes on the vast wild of theuninhabited United States. Gatsbys ideals in this novel are theideals of all Americans. Gatsby and Americans search for a dream andyet nobody really understands what it is they are really in search of.People go about fulfilling these dreams by using cheap reality and inthe end it does not heartbeat up to the size of the dream itself thedreamer is bound to be disappointed with every accomplishment of thedream. At the conclusion of Fitzgeralds book, The Great Gatsby, the maincharacter Gatsby has recently died and Nick stands facing the frontdoor of Gatsbys mansion. From this moment, Nick looks at Gatsbyshouse for a last time. He sees a allege word on the wall, and likeHolden in the book, The Catcher in the Rye, he too crosses the wordout trying to preserve the innocence. Nick wants to keep Gatsbysdream pure even though it is already lost. Later on while Nick is allalone, everything begins to melt away. He starts to picture how itlooked a one C years ago when the Dutch sailors first reached a newworld. Nicks world becomes the world of idealism, where the physicalworld doesnt matter the great house of Gatsby begins to melt awayand finally disappear in Nicks mind for that moment. Nick sees that, for a transitory enchanted moment man must have heldhis breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into anaesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face toface for the last time in history with something commen surate to hiscapacity for wonder, (pg 189). For that one time the Dutch merchantssaw the idea of property in a different way. The Dutch saw thewilderness and trees not as wood- cutters or property owners but aspoets, like presented in Emersons, Nature. Wood- cutters own thetimber physically, but, there is a property in the skyline which noman has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, thepoet,(Nature). The Dutch saw the beauty of the land and trees and

The Great Gatsby :: English Literature

The commodious GatsbyThe capacity to dream is a natural characteristic possessed by allmankind. Americans living in a country based on the philosophy ofpursuing great American dreams go about pursuing their own goals inmany ways. Ironically the American dream itself is the ultimateillusion that can never satisfy those who pursue it. The Americandream was only possible when it was a potential. Nick inFitzgeralds, The Great Gatsby, realized this as he imagines a pastwhen the Dutch first laid their tendernesss on the vast wilderness of theuninhabited United States. Gatsbys ideals in this novel are theideals of all Americans. Gatsby and Americans search for a dream andyet nobody truly understands what it is they are really in search of. throng go about fulfilling these dreams by using cheap reality and inthe end it does not measure up to the size of the dream itself thedreamer is bound to be disappointed with every accomplishment of thedream. At the conclusion of Fitzgeralds book, The Great Gatsby, the maincharacter Gatsby has recently died and Nick stands facing the front adit of Gatsbys mansion. From this moment, Nick looks at Gatsbyshouse for a last era. He sees a swear word on the wall, and likeHolden in the book, The catcher in the Rye, he too crosses the wordout trying to preserve the innocence. Nick wants to keep Gatsbysdream pure even though it is already lost. Later on while Nick is allalone, everything begins to melt away. He starts to picture how itlooked a hundred years ago when the Dutch sailors first reached a newworld. Nicks world becomes the world of idealism, where the physicalworld doesnt matter the great house of Gatsby begins to melt awayand finally melt down in Nicks mind for that moment. Nick sees that, for a transitory enchanted moment man must have heldhis breath in the aim of this continent, compelled into anaesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face toface for the last time in history with something commensurate to hiscapacity for wonder, (pg 189). For that one time the Dutch merchantssaw the idea of property in a different way. The Dutch saw thewilderness and trees not as wood- cutters or property owners except aspoets, like presented in Emersons, Nature. Wood- cutters own thetimber physically, but, there is a property in the horizon which noman has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, thepoet,(Nature). The Dutch saw the beauty of the land and trees and

Mechatronics Basic Pneumatics History Of Compressed Air Engineering Essay

Pneumatic devices be assorted tools and instruments that generate and utilize pack together port.The construct behind pneumatic tools has its beginnings in ancient times, but it was non until the last 500 sometime(a) ages that it genuinely came to fruition.BeginningsThe low gear compressors were likely bellows like devices highly-developed sometime prior to 3000 B.C. They were use to supply atomic whiffs of demeanor to assistance in fire starting. These evolved into larger, but non signifi give the bouncetly more sophisticated, units used in basic metal smelting about 1500 B.C.The manus bellows used by earlyish smelters and blacksmiths for working Fe and metals was a simple type of air compressor and the first pneumatic tool.Grecian mathematician Hero of Alexandria ( c. 10 to 70 AD ) is reputed to hold thought of the field that gave birth to pneumatic tools ( pneumatics ) in the first century A.D. There is grounds of some of his innovations powered by steam and air current. t ransmit Pump/CompressorGerman physicist and applied scientist Otto von Guericke ( 1602 to 1686 ) is credited with holding invented the air pump or compressor in 1650. The device sucked out air or gas from whatever watercraft it was attached to. He experimented with Cu enclosures called hemispheres, showing that he could utilize the pump to draw apart the two halves. It could bring forth a partial heedlessness and Guericke used it to analyze the phenomenon of vacuity and the function of air in burning and respiration.Two centuries after Guericke, pneumatic tools were developing beyond being mere provoke wonders they were now going practical.Development of pneumatics remained comparatively inactive until late in the eighteenth century when mechanical compressors achieved the capableness of bring forthing force per unit areas every bit high as 15 pounds per square inch. It was non until the 1800 s that compressed air was earnestly considered as an industrial force transportation me dium.Once compressed air was commercially available, pneumatic devices were everyplace. The tight air was used to power little air-powered electrical generators in eating houses, infirmaries, and theatres. Engineers of the clip proclaimed tight air was the hereafter in energy transmittal and another emerging engineering, electricity, had far excessively many proficient defects to of all time be successful.During the late 1800 s, the exercise of tight air and electricity expanded and each found its topographic point electricity being the most convenient signifier for large-scale energy transmittal and pneumatics for specific industrial applications including power and procedure expediency and control maps.In 1829, the first phase or mix air compressor was patented. A compound air compressor compresses air in consecutive cylinders.By 1872, compressor efficiency was improved by holding the cylinders cooled by H2O jets, which led to the innovation of water-jacketed cylinders.Pneumat icss in the ordinal century was dominated by the pneumatic tubing, which was popularized by people in Victorian England utilizing grapevines to convey wires from one telegraph station to another. Besides, John Wanamaker ( 1838 to 1922 ) , an American merchandiser, introduced thermionic vacuum tube systems to the United States Post Office ( when he was postmaster general ) and section shops for transit of mail points and money, severally.Pneumatic TubesThe best known pneumatic device is of class the pneumatic tubing. A pneumatic tubing is a method of transporting objects utilizing tight air. In the yesteryear, pneumatic tubings were frequently used in big office edifices to transport messages and objects from office to office.The first documented echt pneumatic tubing in the United States is officially listed in a 1940 patent issued to Samuel Clegg and Jacob Selvan. This was a vehicle with wheels, on a path, positioned within a tubing.The most luxuriant application of pneumatic tub ings, nevertheless, was when Alfred Beach ( 1826 to 1896 ) built a pneumatic train metro in New York urban center based on his 1865 patent. The metro ran briefly in 1870 for one block West of City Hall. It was America s first metro. Alfred Beach practically invented the pneumatic metro line by showing that a pipe was able to transport riders. The Beach tunnel was constructed in merely 58 yearss, get drink down under Warren Street and Broadway, straight across from City Hall. The station was under the south pavement of Warren Street merely west of the Broadway corner. The case-by-case path tunnel ran east into Broadway, curved south, and ran down the center of Broadway to Murray Street, a distance of one block, about 300 pess in all. The metro opened to the humans on February 26, 1870.Operated as a presentation from 1870 to 1873, the short tunnel had merely the one station and train auto.hypertext transfer protocol //t3.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn U-mntn_iJyitlM hypertext transfer protocol //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ greenness/a/aa/Beach_Pneumatic_Transit_01.jpgbeach-mapTunnel portal Tunnel schematicThe hard currency bearer innovation sent money in small tubes travelling by air compaction from location to location in section shop so that alteration could be made. The first mechanical bearers used for shop service was patented ( 165,473 ) by D. Brown on July 13, 1875. However, it was non until 1882 when an discoverer called Martin patented betterments in the system that the innovation became widespread. Martin s patents were numbered 255,525 issued March 28, 1882, 276,441 issued April 24, 1883, and 284,456 issued on September 4, 1883.The moolah postal pneumatic tubing service began between the station office and the Winslow rail route station on August 24, 1904. The service used stat mis of tubing rented from the Chicago Pneumatic Tube Company.Samuel Ingersoll invented the pneumatic drill in 1871.Charles Brady King of Detroit invented the pneumatic c ock in 1890, and patented on January 28, 1894. Charles King exhibited two of his innovations at the 1893 Worlds capital of South Carolina Exposition a pneumatic cock for concentrating and calking and a steel brake beam for railway route autos.During the twentieth century, usage of tight air and of compressed-air devices increase. flow engines use centrifugal and axial-flow compressors. Automatic machinery, labor-saving devices, and automatic-control systems all use pneumatics.Mass production on assembly lines as a standard industrial procedure increased the demand and application possibilities of tight air. Today, the list of industrial applications is really long.We use tight air forAir Brakesair-blockAir Cylindersair-cylinders-for-pneumatic-system-tsc tsu-73Air Motorsindustrial_air_motors_1Buffetingcp869p_1ChipingPneumatic-Chipping-HammerReamingMULTISPINDLE BARREL REAMING MACHINEreamer_offScrew Drivinghypertext transfer protocol //www.pneumatictoolsonline.com/images/Screwdriver s/Screwdrivers-All-Models.jpgConveyingPneumatic-Conveying-SystemDrilling1142360549631_0306_spotlightproducts_18Promoting133073_062020076883_ExhibitPicFormingpaper-plate-machineCrunching41gFbya-SNLConcentratingpneumatic_riveting_toolTransferingiz2201Hoisting2854_1Blendingrx2k_daPaint SprayingDP6316-asturo-spray-gunPile Drivingpneumatic-pile-driverSuperchargingLow_boost_ideal_interceptProcedure ControlpneumaticStaplingCLX050108_028_1_2-deBlowguns Using their lungs, early huntsmans could develop 1 to 3 pounds per square inchs with a capacity of about 6000 copper. in/min.Pneumatic stone drills Early on in the nineteenth century, compressors had been developed which were capable of bring forthing 90 pounds per square inch. A tunnel undertaking was begun in Mt. Cenis, in the Alps, which was estimated to take 30 old ages to finish utilizing manual tiresome methods to cover 8 A? stat mis. Using pneumatic stone drills, runing from over 4 stat mis of air lines, the tunnel was successfully completed in 14 old ages. It was unfastened to traffic in 1871. This successful application attracted international involvement taking many metropolis authoritiess to speak of edifice cardinal compressor Stationss for citywide power. loaded air used in Paris Paris, the metropolis of visible radiations, was really the City of Air. In 1888, Paris installed a 65 HP compressor feeding 4 stat mis of brinies with 30 stat mis of subdivisions ( a converted cloaca system ) , presenting 90 pounds per square inch. By 1891, the capacity was increased to 25,000 HPCompressed air has been applied to play circuitry, dental drills, surgery, and many other industrial procedures necessitating high forces or impact blows. Light weight, lasting and safe pneumatic tools such as pneumatic stapling machines and pneumatically powered impact twists are common.Pneumatic constituentsThere are a broad assortment of pneumatic constituents available today.TubingTubing today comes in a broad assortment of sizes a nd can be made to the consumer s demands.Air-TubeValvesvalves_1cActuatorspneumatic_automation-lAdvantagesComponents have long on the job life ensuing in thirster system dependability.Safe to utilize notwithstanding Semi-skilled work force required for operation and careBest for usage in inflammable country.Far less traveling parts inside, therefore decline care demand.Light in weight, yet sturdy in design.Cheaper & A lower engineering options for control of velocity.Even sing investings on compressor, the pneumatic actuators are far more cost effectual in footings of cost of ownership and return on investing.If there is a power cut, pneumatic equipment will fluid work until the stored air in the compressor has been depleted.As there are no fluids involved they can be used in a cleanroom environment.Because air systems ensure at comparatively low force per unit area, the constituents can be made of comparatively cheap stuffs.DisadvantagesCompressors and uninterrupted compaction c an be expensive.Air intervention is required to take any oils, particulate and H2O vapor from the system.The constituents are non dependable at slow velocity.Very low efficiency, less than 50 % of input power is available at the work country.

Language spoken Essay

England is filled with a mixture of different speech patterns and pronunciation. Every area or city has its own dialect pronunciation and specific words only used in that area for example in east London innit. The closer the areas are the more same they are. In addition people living in a specific area have their own coadjutor groups these peer groups have their own sociolect. Sociolect basically, agency language spoken by a social group, social class or subculture. In this regards it differs to the dialect of that area slightly. Every person in that peer group has their own idiolect.Idiolect means a variety of language unique to an individual. It is manifested when that person chooses the word phrases or idioms which are unique to an individual. The idiolect you speak is influenced by legion(predicate) factors, for example the area you live in, where you are from and who is in your peer group. These could happen simultaneously which will make your idiolect even more unique. I b elieve that your idiolect is in the main changed by your geographical location. My idiolect has been changed drastically through the years I have been living.Even though I was born in the UK the first language I was taught was Farsi, this was minor setback even I was up to(p) to overcome this issue. As I was sent to school, I renovated this issue and I was able to distinguish two languages and I usually never had to rule switch. As I grew my knowledge on the side language change magnitude considerably, however my amount of Farsi I knew increased at a really steady pace. This is because in school I was improving my English as it was a requirement at home this didnt happen a lot, my parents only wanted me to know the basics of my language and that was satisfactory for them.In addition my mum and dad wanted me to fit into parliamentary procedure better. They d matchless this by the process of primary socialisation, they told me not to swear, not to code switch so that I do not h ave to be deviate in school and to speak in standard English. At a very young age of 6-7 I was slightly getting confused with the English language. This is because as I spent cartridge clip with my peer group they taught me their sociolect, at the time I wasnt educated on this topic enough. For example one day my friend told me when we were inside to Look out as there was a ball flying towards our window at a high speed.As I was not educated, I thought he literally meant for me to look outside luckily I did look outside but the ball bemused me. This use of a phrasal verb confused me this is because phrasal verbs also confuse non-native speakers and I wasnt that educated on this new caseful of dialect. At this time I started to mix both standard English and my sociolect until I reached 8 years old. At this time I was able to make out the type language I should use in school, the one I should use with my friends and the one I should use at home. Even though I was able to different iate when to speak each language I still had problems.My English at this time was getting better day by day however my Farsi improvements came at a standstill. When I use to speak to my parents, and I could not find the correct term in Farsi, I had to say it in English. This caused me to code switch even more. This automatically made me speak a mixture of English and Farsi when I went home. Did not finish (deliberate), Mrs Hart please tell me what I should add to improve what I can to make it even better. I was going to talk about my transcript however I am unavailing as I want to know the mistakes I have made so that I can make it better with the transcript By Wariss Tamim 10. 8.

India Post Strategy

Term Project ? Table of Contents Operations Constraints intercellular substance3 Flexibility3 Cost5 prime(a)7 Structural Decisions7 Capacity7 Facilities8 Process Technology9 Sourcing and good Integration10 Infrastructural Decisions12 Operations Constraints Matrix Flexibility is about the operation being able to change what it does quickly. How quickly can the organization change the mix of products and profits it is offering to the customer? ever-changing consumer tastes affects demand levels and the product spue desired.For an organization to stay competitive, it needs to be able to respond to these changes with flexibility. Can the organization react to demand changes and plus or decrease the volume of output in response? Is a good range of products or helpers on offer? Can the organization stick new product/ portion designs to mart quickly so it is in a position to meet changing customer needs? Providing flexibility in speech options, both the manner and the timing give a n opportunity for differentiation. In case of Indian functional Service, they argon high on flexibility parameter.The range of products / receiptss for Indian Post suits to people from wholly economic level, almost each(prenominal) customers can avail all the portions of India Post in all stance. India Post layal returns be under two mentalitys, place services and Premium Services. Mail Services LetterThe communication is enclosed in an envelope and addressed Inland letter cardCommunication is contained on a sheet of paper with prescribed sizing & folding, for transmission in spite of appearance India only. Post cardOpen communication on a card of prescribed size. Available in two varieties Single & reply station card. Post tease are for transmission within India only.Printed Post cardPost cards containing communication recorded by printing, cyclostyling or by any different mechanical procedure are classified as Printed Post Cards. Printed matter includes printed p ictures to a fault. cheat literature packetPapers of any kind, periodicals and books impressed in Braille or some other special type for the use of blind are leaveed to be transmitted by touch as Blind literature packets. ParcelAnything can be sent in a component excepting articles whose transmission is prohibited. RegistrationThe airal article that is registered is given appellation and is recorded at every stage of handling.Letters, letter cards, Book and Pattern Packets, Parcels, News papers prepaid with postage may be registered for transmission at any post office. The registered postal article is dispense withed specifically to the addressee. VPL/VPPThe Value Payable Letter or Value Payable Parcel is paid for at the quantify of receipt. Premium Services focal ratio PostSpeed Post is market leader in domestic express industry, for providing sentence-bound and express preservation of letters documents and fates across the nation and rough the world Express ParcelExp ress Parcel Post is an ideal service for sending the parcels up to 35 kg within India.It is fast and reliable, provides door-to-door convenience and pick-up from customers premises service. Business PBusiness Post is a one-stop shop service to manage entire mail-out process. It provides price-effective and professional mailing services, including printing, collating, inserting, sealing, and addressing to meet specific employment needs. Media PostMedia Post is an innovative and effective vehicle for Brand and Marketing Managers to communicate their integrated message across the nation.Greeting PostGreeting Post is an innovative product of India Post comprises of a card with envelop with pre-printed postage stamp upon the envelope. It used to express yourself perfectly on every occasion, festival or event. Logistics PostLogistics Post caters to any demand for mournful goods, parcels and consignments in toll of legal transfer deadline and eccentric of service. It offers the po ssibility of monitoring the speech progress at all cadences. Comparison with the other players in Postal / messenger service India PostDTDC CourierBluedart CourierNo fixed rake time ensureService include next business sidereal mean solar daylight delivery guaranteeService include next business day delivery guarantee Media post offer advertisement opportunity to marketing managerDedicated for courier and parcel delivery, no specific service deal advertising Dedicated for courier and parcel delivery, no specific service like advertising Wide reach within India, specifically high penetration in hobnailed IndiaWide reach only if unsophisticated penetration is not as deep as India PostWide reach but country penetration is not as deep as India Post Offers registered post service, where consignment is handed over to only specific addressee General service, and couriers can be received by any individual within lot / homeGeneral service, and couriers can be received by any indiv idual within corporation / home Consignment tracking is limited to bounteousness products deliveryConsignment tracking preparedness is available for all kinds of deliveriesConsignment tracking facility is available for all kinds of deliveries Prices band is high and weight range starts from as minimum as 25gms for deliveryPrice band is constringe and weight range starts usually from 500gmsPrice band is narrow and weight range starts usually from 500gms Single delivery timing, no customized service as customer requires, although service for guaranteed timely delivery availableConsignment delivery can be defined by customers with a minimum duration of Next business day 1030AM within same time zone Consignment delivery can be defined by customers with a minimum duration of Next business day 1030AM within same time zone No special facility for weekends like Saturday or SundaySpecial pick up facility for Saturday and delivery on SundayNo specific delivery facility for weekends Proof of delivery is claimable on paid footingProof of delivery is visible online for freeProof of delivery is visible online for free Greeting card delivery, special printed card delivery service No special greeting card delivery service at reachNo special greeting card delivery service at present Freight on delivery service available business Freight on delivery service available business Freight on delivery service available business International deliveries service available with uttermost eight of 100kgInternational deliveries service available with uttermost weight of 10000kgInternational deliveries service available with maximum weight of 100kg No packing, box packaging service, pick up service available on paid basisProvide packing, loading, box packaging service, free pick up serviceProvide packing box, box packaging services, free pick up service Cost is the last objective to be discussed but clearly not the least. For organizations that arrive at adopted a let loose cost strategy it is the most important objective. The lower the cost of producing the goods the lower price that can be offered to customers, which in caper will boost sales and profits. Even organizations that seek to gain their competitive advantage through differentiation are keen to lower their cost basis because that will lead to improvements in profit levels. To be able to deliver a cost advantage an organization has to analyze where operation cost are incurred.When considering a service industry, like hospitals, the biggest cost element will be staff costs, then(prenominal) facility and technology costs followed by bought-in materials and services. Many costs in a hospital operation are fixed and will not vary according to the takings of patients treated. That is to say those facilities like beds, operating theatres or laboratories are as expensive as are the highly specialized staff. These are all needed to be available if not all of the time, then most of it. That obviously h as cost implications. Generally, the level of costs depends on the volume and variety of output and how variable is demand. Variety of outputs leads to greater levels of composite plantity and in that messfore change magnitude costs. Cost is dependent on the other mental process objectives.Improvements in each of the other four will lead to cost reductions. The relative priority of the performance objectives is determined by the demands of customers and the actions of competitors. Making these decisions on priorities links book binding to the statement in the strategy of what business the organization is in and who are its customers. Selling to customers who swear on error-free products requires the organization to concentrate on its character performance. Consumer segments that are looking for low-priced products or services will lead the organization to emphasize its cost performance. In case of India Post, reaching to the mess hall is parcel of their mission.They operat e at locations where, revenues do not even cover 15% of expenses. They hasten more than 89% of their offices in rural areas, where the cost of operation is usually high than revenues. Even the post office in urban areas, the target given is to earn a profit of 5% beyond their operating cost. India Post caters in the beginning in rural areas and at that placefore its emphasis on offering very low / scotch prices to customer irrespective of their operating cost. Private postal service agencies have their motive of earning profit from business, therefore they highly emphasize on providing value service to their customers. They focus on limited services designed to fulfill general need of customers.Their service portfolio is transforming from delight services to order winning services. They emphasize on excelling in providing order winner services and compete in limited range of services. Pricing offered by India Post India post premier service of unbiased post card is in no compa rison with any other service agency. It is most cost effective way of mail hitherto in India. Apart from post cards, letters, India Post offers standard fixed rates for all customers depending on distance (irrespective of place of origin or endpoint). Speed Post Weight topical anesthetic (within municipal limits)Upto 200 Kms201 to 1000 Kms1001 to 2000 KmsAbove 2000 Kms Up to 50 gramsINR 15INR 35INR 35INR 35INR 35 1 grams to 200 gramsINR 25INR 35INR 40INR 60INR 70 201 grams to 500 gramsINR 30INR 50INR 60INR 80INR 90 Additional 0. 5 kg or part thereofINR 10INR 15INR 30INR 40INR 50 Express Parcel Post WeightLocal (within municipaI limits)Upto 500 Kms. 501 to 1000 Kms. 1001 to 2000 Kms. Above 2000 Kms. Up to 2kg3550607090 Additional 1kg or part thereof58122535 India Post does not offer the air-mail service for domestic deliveries, whereas underground players like Bluedart, DTDC, and Firstflight etc have the air mail service that offers next day delivery guarantee. Therefore, the price s of services offered by different agencies can be compared on the surface mode. Cost of parcel up to 500gms 500gmsIndia PostBluedartDTDC ithin city30200 Ambala50200 Amritsar60200 Mumbai80200 Calicut90210 Cost of parcel up to 10kg 10kgIndia PostBluedartDTDC within city75250 Ludhiana114250 Ahmadabad156290 Mumbai270290 Calicut370290 India post is more cost effective and economical than other private players. It is high on providing cost effective services to its customer than its competitors. delinquent to its pan India reach, and easy access in rural areas, other private players cannot compete in cost work out. Quality, whether you are running a hospital or a retail superstore, is about doing things right so that error-free goods and services are delivered that are fit for their purpose.Quality handlees both the prime(a) of the design of the product in terms of aesthetics, reliability and performance and the quality of the process that delivers the product or service. Quality of delivery process has direct impact on costs and dependability. Quality is a major source of customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Poor quality products or poor quality of service are likely to put the customer off returning, leading to future lost sales. For service vault of heaven like postal / courier service, the primary quality factors can be following Ease of accessibility availability, easy reach Customer focus language, service, waiting time Reliability of service design useful for customer, trust on the service Conformance to specifications delivery on time as committed, rates as specified, solve to change or modify requisite service High delivery performance delivery at the right place, right time, right person Speed Speed is all about how long customers wait before receiving their service. Addressing the speed objective requires the organization to pay attention to the cycle time involved in their new product development. An organization also has to pay attentio n to its scheduling and capacity planning as well as inventory vigilance to be able to deliver on the speed objective. Reducing inventory will also impact on obtaining a cost advantage. Speed is an important factor considering that a lot of parcels are required to reach on time and are often related to business.As such, almost all the courier services have a special service catering to this constraint. In case of India Post, .No. Services/TransactionSuccess IndicatorsService StandardsUnit AService Standards of various services for Departmental Post Offices 1MailsTime from posting / booking to delivery Excludes day of posting, holidays and Sundays. Maximum time. Articles posted before cut off time. Unit in Days /Minutes etc. 1. 2Delivery of First class mail i. e. , letters, postcards, Inland letter cards, etc. Local* and mingled with Metro Cities** * Local within Municipal City limits ** Metro- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. 2Days Rest of India4-6 1. 3 Delivery of Registered / Insured articles Express Parcel Post Second configuration Mails i. e. Parcels, Book Packets, Registered Newspapers, etc. Local* and mingled with Metro Cities** * Local within Municipal City limits ** Metro- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. 3Days Rest of India5-7 1. 4Delivery of Speed Post articlesLocal* and between Metro Cities** * Local within Municipal City limits ** Metro- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. 2Days Rest of India4-6 1. 5International EMS articles All International Mail articles are subject to customs examination. Period for customs examination/detention is not included in the service standards. 4-10DaysDTDC on the other hand provides a lot of services catering to this need which is case specific DTDC Domestic2-7 daysNormal deliveries (city specific) Value added service (Speed)Days to deliverSpecifications DTDC PlusAssured Next business day deliveryTo tube-shaped structures and major ci ties in India Prime Time Plus (PTP) PTP 10. 30 and PTP 12. 00 within the next possible business dayTime-critical Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Customer (B2C) Segments. From select origins to select pin codes at Metro locations. DTDC Blueassured second business day deliveryTo places out-of-the-way(prenominal) and full(a) across the country In addition to it, DTDC provides money bank guarantee in case a delivery is not made on time on its Value added services. Blue dart Dart Surfaceline2-7 daysDistance specific Premium ServicesDart Apex1-2 daysFor commercial shipments Domestic PriorityNext dayFor time-critical parcels DP 10. 30 and DP 12. 00Time specific, within a day Blue dart, like DTDC provides money back guarantee in case a delivery is not made on time on its premium services. As such, Speed of India post is comparable to most of its competitors as far as value establish services are concerned. Though, at few places delivery is guaranteed the very next day and befor e a specific time, which is not provided by India post. Some services like Air to Air which ask customers to fool the post from the Airport for a faster delivery is provided by some of its competitors.Also, unlike DTDC and Blue Dart do not provide money back guarantee on a delay though they provide money back guarantee if a parcel is lost or damaged. This feature allows other players to create a better perception among consumers with respect to speed. Dependability Dependability is, of course, about consistency. An organizations processes have to be geared up to consistently meeting a promised delivery time for a product or service. Customers are unlikely to be satisfied by an increase in delivery speed if it is not matched by consistent performance. This will require that an organization has systems in place to identify problems early and be flexible enough in its planning to be able to move to a plan B as necessary. The dependability of India post is an issue.Though its registere d post is known for dependability in terms of security and handling, but the consistency in speed is still a concern in terms of dependability. The targeted dependability of 95% deliveries on time is far from the reality. Though a lot of premium services are delivered on time, but the general posts are often delayed or sometimes are even lost. When talked to an employee working in India Post, Dependability came out as one of the major reasons why people prefer high priced courier services provided by competitors over India Post. Structural Decisions An effective operations organization is one that meets the need of strategic business units competitive strategy.Therefore, once the type of differentiation has been specified , management must ensure that its operations organization is configured and managed in such a way that there is no one best way for dealings with any business problem whether one is making, delivering, or selling a service, designing a management information / qu ality system, or measuring performance. In every situation, one must make choices that reflect ones context, goals, resources and personnel. Translating the business strategy into appropriate tangibles and intangibles involves different structural and infrastructural decisions and tradeoffs. The structural and infrastructural decisions in service industry are derived from manufacturing operations. Structural decisions address all the issues that are relevant to Capacity, Facilities, Process Technology and Sourcing (vertical integration). CapacityCapacity management is defined as ensuring a service has the efficacy to meet the demand experiences, like wise capacity management is a response to demand. Service delivery process depends on three canonical factors to contact the expected output 1. Service load that illustrates the variety of service being offered, the variation of demand and the management of demand 2. Capacity task that illustrates soothsaying methods, scheduling, bo ttleneck management, prioritizing and altering capacity that are used to manage capacity task success to the full 3. Capacity leakage, in other words the degree that there are quality failures, scheduling losses, labor lateness, labor underperformance and changeovers FacilitiesFacility network is the configuration of an operating network in allocating various service centers and contact points. In Mail Service industry, facility is the reach of agency to the customers at different location and various services that can be offered in that service center charge in mind the objectives and goals of company. India Post has one of the objectives as To provide basic postal facilities, i. e. , line of battle and delivery of mails, within easy reach (1. 5 kms) of all people and businesses. This is to be achieved through opening of more post offices, relocation of existing post offices, giving out franchisees to individuals, shops, institutions, self-help groups, etc. In order to achieve th is objective, they constantly thrive to open new service centers at desirable places and shutoff from redundant locations. Apart from post offices, there are approximately 5. 7 lacs letterboxes, tasteful by network of Mail Offices and conveyed by rail, lane, and airlines all over the country to reach the customers. Postal operations at the post office counterpunch encompass the entire gamut of basic postal service that include sale of stamps, booking of registered articles, insured articles, value payable articles, booking of parcels and other banking transaction. Below data shows the penetration of India Post in rural and urban segment. Year2011201020092008Urban13904089. 78%13918289. 81%13914489. 76%12548980. 94% Rural1582610. 22%1579710. 19%1587110. 24%2954619. 06% Total154866100. 00%154979100. 00%155015100. 00%155035100. 00% State wise presence of post offices in India Andaman102Dadar and Nagar Haveli39J&K1656 Andhra Pradesh16152Daman & Diu20Jharkhand3092 Arunachal Pradesh295D elhi531Karnataka9761 Assam4023Goa263Kerala5054 Bihar9015Gujarat8934Lakhasdweep10 Chandigarh51Haryana2662MP8031 Chattisgarh3119Himachal Pradesh2778Maharashtra12490 Manipur697Rajasthan10338 Meghalaya475Sikkim209 Mizoram409Tamilnadu11897 Nagaland328Tripura710 Orissa8192U. P. 17584 Pondicherry91Uttarakhand2719 Punjab3842W. B. 8700Each facility center in the network is independent in itself, thereby satisfying the condition of Horizontal electronic networks, but each central / tubing / common facility center is dependent on the traffic / mail at other service centers also, thereby working as Mixed Network Structures. India post has about 387 mail offices to process the mails through its network and conveyed by rail, road, and airlines all over the country. Facility decision in mail service sector includes the office layout, customer support, guidance, and customer interface with employees, basic facilities for employees and services available. India Post is oldest mail service in India and some of the offices of India Post are very old.The ambience, infrastructure, facilities is not comparable to private agency offices, which are equipped with modern infrastructure and facilities. Project Arrow is a step toward modernization of post offices. It focuses on creating contributing(prenominal) and friendly work environment for staff and customers, information technology enabled services and improving the quality of core business services, primarily focusing in rural areas. It has been implemented in more than 15000 post offices and more post offices are in process of implementation. In comparison to private service providers, India Post has maximum reach, are available at the last mile. Private agencies are working for profit maximization therefore they operate in limited space, and their presence is imited to metro cities and some critical business locations. Due to limited offices and service centers, they have made their offices IT enabled and customer friendly. P rocess Technology The meaning of the process technology lies can buoy the meaning of focus. Well-managed service organizations are characterized by a high degree of focus. Better focusing such as the utilization of classification schemes, refers to to delivery systems that allow customers to have high contact with the system easy segregation / sorting of mails ease of tracking improving the quality of delivery connection of various location with centralized database management information system and database fearAutomation and information technology leads to cost savings, consistent and reliable services, it helps to increases the availability of a service operations and the speed of service delivery process that helps in marketing and customer benefits. In mail service, the level of automation depends on amount of load, types of services, quantity of parcels, cost, and risk appetite of the company. For India Post, the reaching of Automation and upgradation in process technology can be defined in many areas Computerized booking of mails and parcels Segregation / sorting of mail according to destination through bar code scanner RFID technology to track the consignment location in real time Hand held devices to confirm the delivery office on real time basis Centralized data management Automatic loading of mails in the Transporting Mode Automatic packing of goods and mail to put on as full load (except in case of lower quantity) Connectivity of all facility centers to check the system information in real time surface booking and pick up parcel Centralized database to better control the address database of customers India Post is lagging in automation of its process. It has implemented barcode technology in most of its services, but it is not fully supported by its aging staff. Most of the post offices in the rural areas are manually functioning. Many post offices, Mail offices, Administrative offices are not yet computerized.Automatic letter sorting machin e is under installation in four metropolitan cities of India, which can increase the sorting speed to approx. 35000 per hour. In addition, Mixed Mail sorting machine are also under process of implementation to sort large size letters, parcels/packets to the speed of about 16000 per hour. These machines will help to automate the process with better speed, quality and efficiency. As compared to private mail service providers, most of the offices are fully computerized, with full system integration with centralized server. Their offices are connected with real time information system and the core business functions are controlled through IT. Sourcing and Vertical IntegrationSourcing is an important structural aspect of an operations organizations encompasses decision regarding how much of the total work required to create and deliver its services will be through with(p) internally and how much can be outsourced from outside organizations. In service industry, outsourcing can reduce th e cost of operation. Strategic control in the operation decides the level of outsourcing in mail service. India Post is operating under huge geographical exposure. As a part of its public service, it has to reach to the last consumer in the map. Establishing free-lance service centers at all operating location is costly proposition, therefore to maintain the presence and cost effectiveness it has to outsource some of its activities in the constitutional areas of operation. Apart from its front office activities, India Post has scope for outsourcing at almost every stage of operation. Post office maintenance at certain location as per India Post terms and Condition Transportation of dak / mail by road, rail and air through trinity caller agency earlier than self procuring the trucks and loaders Deploying a local team for post office maintenance at unconnected location, but centralized control through district head or regional head post office Dealership and franchise network apa rt from regular staff Liaison with government organizations and PSUs to deliver all the mails of govt. institutions through India Post Front office counter franchise India post has a franchise scheme that offers various products and services in urban and upcoming urban areas.Basic features of the Urban franchise model It provides only counter services, delivery and transmission lies with India post. Provision of services under franchise across the counter for a minimum defined time schedule with flexibility to work round the clock Products and services offered Sale of Stamps and stationery Booking registered articles, speed post articles, money orders, e-post etc. Functioning as an agent for PLI and provide related after sales service, including collection of premia (subject to fulfillment of criteria for PLI agents). Marketing products for which the Department has a corporate agency or tie-up and provide related follow up services (subject to agreement with the other organizations involved). Providing retail and bill/tax/fine collection/payment services of the Department (Subject to agreement with the other organizations involved) Facilitating the provision of e-governance and citizen-centric services (subject to agreement with the other organizations involved) Any other service introduced by the Department in future through its outlets which is considered amenable to the franchisee model. (subject to agreement with the other organizations involved) Transportation Service The transportation of mail is through various modes 1. By hand 2. Surface line, road transport 3. Surface line, rail transport 4. Air line, Plane transport India Post has manages mail transportation with their own facilities as well as third party service providers. India post has huge employee base to deliver the post by hand to the recipients, but for the transportation on surface and air, it has its own vehicles and also arrangements with third party logistics vendors.Air transport inter national deliveries, India Post has tie-up with premier DHL logistics Mail Motor Services (MMS) For transmission of mail between mail offices and post offices between cities, India Post has its own fleet of 1282 vehicles, full-fledged maintenance workshop facilities Rail transport for long distance transmission of mails, India Post has tie-up with Indian Railways Scope for Sourcing 1. Road transportation India post can outsource the transmission of mails between cities and reduce the load of maintenance and fixed fleet expenses, third party service dedicated to India Post can help in focusing on timely delivery and maintenance of quality service. It offload the risk of transportation, maintenance expenses, buying-selling of vehicles etc 2. Franchise for rural areas India Post franchise scheme is primarily for Urban Areas where the post office is providedified but cannot be opened.For India Post, the focus of expanding the reach should be associated with cost factor. As in urban areas, the cost of opening a post office would be high. Similarly, operating cost in the far distant rural areas will also be high. In order to minimize the cost of operation, India Post can outsource some of its urban offices, and similarly rural office, where the cost of operation for local would be lesser than setting up self-employed service centers. 3. Long-term contracts with Customers India Post can leverage on its wide presence, and govt. institution tag for getting long-term contracts with other govt. institutions and PSUs for delivery of all mails through India Post.This will ensure dedicated source of Income for India Post, and beyond that, it will be a great financial assistance to serve the rural areas. Infrastructural Decisions A companys operations infrastructure is composed of its policies and systems governing a number of activities, from capital budgeting and equipment selection to organizational structure. Each of these systems often has repercussions and implic ations for other infrastructural and structural elements. Resource allocation and capital budgeting systems Human Resource systems India Post has workforce, which is old aged, there has been no fresh recruitment in India Post from many years for junior and senior level management positions.In the present system, where consumer are growing at fast pace, and the technology and information system is growing in the industry, there is need of well-informed and responsive workforce that can understand the existing IT and customers need. Due to aging workforce, computer literacy among the employees is not at par and prep and development of employees has taken a back step in the policies of India Post. Although, India Post organizes many training program for its middle / senior level management employees but due to aging factor, the life expectancy in the organization as well the region in the organization is limited. Work Planning and Control systems Quality systemsThe quality system has been focused upon by India post since 2005-06. With the prioritization of computerization in 2006-07 for the development of India post, the political science has laid focus on improving service levels and to enable electronic networking of about 1, 30,000 rural Post Offices. Recently, A Plan costing Rs. 1877. 2 Crores has been hypothecate to computerize the Post Offices in Rural areas to further improvise on this front. Project Arrow was launched in April 2008. The project envisages up gradation of Post Offices in urban and rural areas both in terms of upgrading and enhancing the quality of service in core areas and improving their look and feel.The project aims at creating a conducive and friendly work environment both for the staff and the customers visiting the Post Offices, providing all IT enabled services through secure connectivity, improving the service quality levels in the core business areas e. g. Mail delivery, Remittances both electronic and manual and Postal Savings schemes. The Look and Feel activity focuses on improvement in Branding, Information Technology, Human Resource and Infrastructure. Based on the audit report of Project Arrow conducted over 50 post offices of 10 states 1. In terms of Performance on Mail Delivery, Registered letter performances were 99 %, where as the figures for Ordinary mail varied between 94 to 100%. For Speed post it ranged between 98 to 99 %. 2.In terms of time taken for delivery of letters, post offices scored between 90 to 92% during the 3 rounds of Audit though a higher score was expected. Till June 2012, the Project has been implemented in respect of monitoring of core areas in more than 15,500 Post Offices and Look and Feel has been improved in 1,530 Post Offices. The Government has recently started a new Automated Mail Processing Centre (AMPC) in Delhi on August 20, 2012 to improve mail quality with next-generation sorting centres and to modernize the mail processing operations at India Post. The new letter sorting machine can sort 35,000 letters per hour, while the merge mail sorter can process 20,000 letters, packets and small parcels an hour.The automated sorting systems should considerably improve sorting errors and improve the quality of mail services, the government said, with the new entangled mail sorter scanning tracking barcodes automatically as items are being pick out. Processing efficiency should also improve because mail can be sorted in a single run, while manual sorting had required a second stage of sorting. As per an interview given by Siemens, the developer of AMPC, to the media The automation route will significantly reduce processing time and save considerable cost for the Indian postal department. Handwriting or language is no longer a barrier as the special IVR by Siemens can read various scripts e. g. Greek, Cyrilic, Arabic, Chinese, English, Hindi.For the postal centers at Delhi and Kolkata, this machine will be able to read English and Hindi and as a resul t will enable Department of Post to provide better and more economical services with hig h level of productivity . From quality aspects as such, the ministry is taking measures like the introduction of AMPC and Project Arrow to improvise the quality. Still, a lot of rural villages are not computerized and timely delivery of mails has been a major issue. Also, the technologies like AMPC need to reach out to more major cities for further reducing the cost and improve service levels. The Government provides money bank guarantee of Rs 500 on damage or loss of any parcel but no specifications regarding this are provided.As such, a lot of people prefer other courier services to send valuable or important mails/parcels. Measurement and reward systems unrivaled of the major problems with India post is the undefined promotion structure. The employees are bound for a fixed pay and no variable pay/ Incentives are provided. The promotion is based on experience rather than utility/ quality and irrespective of poor showing at work, job security is provided which makes the system lazy. Frequent transfer of employees and low growth potential for an individual are few other concerns which needs to be addressed upon along with a continuous feedback system of employees. Product and process development systemsIndia Post although the oldest and most significant player in mail service but with time the competitors has taken a lead and the social tariff of India Post has put them in back step in process development, improvement and fast implementation. The project team for process improvisation works on the guidelines given by the members after approval for the Ministry of Telecommunications and IT, larger projects has to get the approval from the ministry before commencement. Organization structure The organization structure of India Post is a complex organization structure (Exhibit 1). It has many vertical layers and simultaneously horizontal divisions. India Post is a governme nt body, therefore the bureaucratic organization structure is inevitable, it has members deputed by Govt. of India as well as personnel that are recruited by India Post itself.Due to various business dimensions (postal mail service, PF fund, MNREGA fund, Bank, Finance, Forex etc) of India Post, each business vertical is treated as discern business unit and therefore makes the structure more complex. The organization structure is a centralized, and bureaucratic, power to take decision lies with the senior management and staff is primarily to do the regular business / operational activities. Operations Strategy for India Post Considering, the fact that India post is the Govt. institutional body and their prime focus is to serve the mass market by offering its services at lowest possible rates with high quality and good speed.In addition, India Post desires to be self-sustaining organization, it involves trade-offs between operation strategy matrix parameters (Price, Quality, Dependab ility, Flexibility and Speed). They can make their product primarily in two segments 1. Business Mails2. General Mails General Mails it is for mass market focusing on public, for cost sensitive customers (primarily poor people), delivery of mails to any location with a specified time delivery. Business Mails it is specialized service, other than just sending mails (other than General Mails), the prices should be competitive with other private players, delivery time specified, service customization as required by the customers. E. g. speed post, registered post, logistics, parcels and box parcel etc. Exhibit 1 Organization Structure, India Post

Case Study on Xpresso Lube Essay

I Xpresso lubes Ser depravity PackageSupporting FacilityIn Xpresso lubricate, Charlie provided lifts in the workshop so that customers washbowl have a view of their railcars to form a look at the problems the staff had mentioned. This gains customer loyalty, by ensuring that the customers do non get ripped off, as to encourage the spreading of Xpresso fill ups whole tone operate via the word of mouth. There be two additional stalls for customers to have their car rock oil changed, in order to bar a bottleneck from occurring. In order to increase the level of comfort in Xpresso lube, there is also a caf, providing customers with beverages so that they can have the extravagance of freshly made burnt umber slice waiting for their cars to be assistd. all these facilities are indoor. However, Charlie did provide an outdoor space for his staff to work on customers cars when the brave out is pleasant. This way, Charlie can deal with the flow of customers as they have more stations to get a longsighted their customers.A transportation facility is provided to fetch customers from workshop back to their offices and vice versa. As m each of the customers only have time during their lunch period or the end of the day to run their cars. Therefore by providing this, they able to tho travel by 10 to 20 minutes to get down to workshop and get their car serviced and get back to work.Facilitating GoodsOne of the main facilitating goods in Xpresso Lube is the coffee that they provide. Customers receive last quality, freshly brewed coffee made at the point of order, rather than stale coffee brewed when the shop opens for the day. Having a coffee woodlet in Costa Rica, Charlie is equipped with the knowledge in bringing in the best coffee beans as possible to ensure customer satis itemion.Another facilitating goods is the oil Xpresso Lube provides to change the cars oil. Charlie has to make sure the oil they use is of quality so that it wont damage his custome rs cars. Some of the higher end cars in the market cannot run as well with low quality oil, the oil will also harm their engines in the long run. Therefore, to ensure quality and satisfaction, Charlie has to take note of the oil he uses.InformationAfter seeing other workshops providing false data to customers, ripping them off, Charlie is determined to provide correct and efficient information to customers. In order to ensure that, Charlie has provided his customers with the lift, so that his customers can see for themselves where the problems lie with their car, instead of just listening to some employee not knowing that in fact there is nothing wrong with the car. Charlie also has to provide efficient information of whether there are available slots for more cars to come in for servicing, by doing so he can have make arrangements with customers to make appointments and bookings. Charlie can indeed, ease the flow of customers coming, preventing a bottleneck after functional bit s at 5pm.Explicit functionIn Xpresso Lube, the explicit go the customers can see is the service attitude of Charlies employees, the quality of service being provided whether the oil change is quick and of high quality, also the ability of the caf to provide quality food and drinks to customers. Transportation services are also provided to reduce customers travelling time as mentioned above earlier. All this benefits can be seen by customers, the quality of the service the Xpresso Lube provides can also be perceived.Implicit ServicesXpresso Lube provides a clean purlieu to customers, with carpeted floors, tables and chairs for customers while waiting. It tries to make its customers tone at home and comfortable, as workshops are usually very dirty and customers would hardly want to wait for a long time. This helps Xpresso Lube as it cements their brand as a comfortable and higher quality auto shop, especially when compared with its competitors, giving it a comparative advantage. P roviding quality information is actually another implicit service. When customers realize that you have been giving them quality and accurate information, you will gain their trust and loyalty. This customer loyalty is very valuable as it means a high lifetime customer value and customer equity, which translates to higher profits in the long run.II typical Characteristics of a Service Operation, illustrated by the Case StudyIntangibilityXpresso Lube has illustrated different approaches of a service operation. After observing the existing oil-change companies, Charlie came out with a much improved concept which was fresh and naked, combining a coffee bar with an oil-change business. This is a creative brain which will potentially captured customers attention and Xpresso Lube will subsequently became more reputable. Much emphasis on integrity, providing good and trustworthy services will no doubt help Xpresso Lube to maintain and attract customers.HeterogeneityThis market consis ts of different participants which includes the customers and the employees, who are the ones serving the customers so as to take on their demands. The kind of employees varies as different employees from different sections of Xpresso Lube serve customers differently. For instance, the front line workers are the ones who make contact with the customers directly to find out what are the customers requests whereas the back office operators are in charge of repairing and the actual oil change, invisible to customers. Besides, Charlies employees are well trained so as to provide quality services to his customers. Charlie also organise up a car repair center, University Auto, which also meets the customers demands. This will lead to a further variation of employees and customers.Customer participation in the service wait onXpresso Lube exists to serve the customer and to satisfy their needs and it is feasible only when the customers do their part, transporting their vehicle to Xpresso Lube or University Auto for service. On the other hand, both(prenominal) companies under Charlie could come out with statistics on customer preferences and identify the peak hour periods. This enables Charlie to be more focused and prepared so as to belittle errors during the service process. Unlike other companies of the same industry, Xpresso Lube requires the customers to have a review of their vehicle before extra services are provided. This is possible when lifts are available to bring the customers under the car safely.SimultaneityThe service Xpresso Lube provides are created and consumed simultaneously. As the vehicles are being serviced, instead of just waiting, Xpresso Lube has the caf which customers could spend time at, be it having their lunch, tea break or even relaxing with the presence of band performances. The conducive milieu will definitely attract customers and customers may even be there without the need of servicing their vehicles. Recruiting band to perfor m is a creative way where it could help to keep the customers occupied and entertained. Having the lifts and all the go on equipment may slow down the process and lead to a longer waiting time. However, the entertainment and caf could help to cushion the fluctuation in demand and bestow which is mainly caused by the waiting time. Thus in this case, service is provided in two ways.PerishabilityIn this marketing world, service providers have to use different approaches to meet different demands of customers. There are many things which hinder customers from purchasing the services of Xpresso Lube hence, Xpresso Lube is providing alternate services, transporting services to and fro work, to reach out to more customers. Furthermore, these transporting services are beneficial in helping customers to avoid peak hours. As such, it will really aid in smoothing services and prevent congestions. In addition, the coffee caf is large enough to accommodate the rising amount of customers.In con clusion, Xpresso Lube has no doubt fulfilled all criteria of the distinctive characteristics of a service operator. These services delivered to the customers are favorable in expanding this business continuously.III Xpresso Lubes CharacteristicsIn regard to Nature of the Service Act, Xpresso Lubes nature of service act consists of tangible actions and its direct recipient of service is property. Xpresso Lube is an oil-changing business for auto mobiles and that it involves a direct alliance of service which can be seen as the personnel changing the oil of the auto mobiles making it a service with tangible actions. Xpresso Lubes direct recipients of service are property as they involve the changing of oil of auto mobiles.As for relationship with customers, Xpresso Lubes nature of service delivery is through discrete transactions and the eccentric of relationship between the service scheme and its customers is no formal relationship. It is a discrete transaction as customers do no t have to continuously go to Xpresso Lube over a period of time to change their oil rather they can just go one time and get it done. Their relationship with their customers is a no formal relationship as the customers do not have a continuous relationship with Xpresso Lube and are not fasten down to being a member with Xpresso Lube.Xpresso Lube emphasizes on personal exercise judgment in meeting customer needs and it also has a high degree of customization. Xpresso Lube has a high extent to exercising judgment in meeting customers needs as this can be seen with Xpresso Lube making a coffee bar to satisfy customers boredom while waiting for their car to be serviced. Xpresso Lube also has a high degree of customization in that it allows customers to see their cars being serviced as their cars are being placed on lifts instead of in pits different other car servicing businesses.Xpresso Lubes extent in which demand exceeds capacity is high in the sense that peak demand on a regular b asis exceeds capacity and its extent of demand fluctuation over time is low. This can be seen in that during peak hours, there will be a long waiting time for customers to have their car serviced but this has been countered by Xpresso Lube in having a coffee bar minimizing customers boredom while waiting. As oil-changing companies are considered a commodity, their demand fluctuation over time is low.Xpresso Lubes nature of service delivery is that customer travels to the service organization and the availability of service outlets is a single site. As it is a car servicing business, customers have to bring their cars to the place. As Xpresso Lube does not have any expansion of outlets, it is therefore a single site type of availability of service outlet.IV Xpresso Lubes LocationThe fact there was a vacant space behind the old gas and service station that Charlie turned into Xpresso Lube meant that he was able to turn it into a automotive service , offering transportation services f or customers who will be able to get to work while leaving their car in the mechanics hands. Charlie was hence able to saturate the market/Austin with his car service with Xpresso Lube, as well as University Automotive.Also, as said in the case study, its location on the main street has attracted many from different walks of life and that its vicinity to shops makes it attractive. Customers are able to shop at neighboring shops while waiting for their car to be serviced. Being on the main street also means that Xpresso Lube is accessible, visible, has a high traffic volume. There is room for expansion and the surrounding environment fits the shop, with many shops around.Also, due to the nature of the business, parking is not necessary.Austin also has a music culture, claiming to have the nations best live music. to a greater extent importantly, Austin is home to the University of Texas, as well as major technology firms like 3M, Apple, Hewlett-Packard, eBay, Google, and Intel, just to name a few, giving it the nickname Silicon Hills. This means that Xpresso Lube is operating in a bustling environment, with much traffic, therein lies its demand for its services.Austin also happens to be connected to the interstate I-35 and hence, there would be drivers from all over the country who may try their services out due to the convenience.Hence, Xpresso Lubes location in Austin has proven happy for its business model.V Suggestions of additional services for Xpresso LubeThe main service objective of Xpresso Lube is to create a unique, pleasant, honest experience for their customers. They do not want customers to feel that they are being treated unimportantly.Xpresso Lube has already made their customers feel that they have provided a very unique service software package by having the caf and the workshop integrated, the bands performing during evenings, the transportation service they provide and the subsidiary car repair workshop they also offer. They have also man aged to turn a once boring and messy experience into a pleasant one by carpeting the floor of the caf and providing chairs and tables for them to enjoy their cup of coffee and listen to music while waiting for their car to be serviced. Every process during the servicing was made clearly to the customers without any uncertainty by using those hydraulic lifts and a skilled and patient mechanic.Xpresso Lube can bring their service package to another level by including another important area into the package, ownership. As farthermost as its concern, all the above only provide a very comfortable, pleasant experience for the customer. The customer will just go to Xpresso Lube when their car needs the servicing it needs for it to run on the road again.Road TripsXpresso Lube can organize their own road trips during the weekends for their customers to participate and make new friends. The experience of driving the wide west road, going to small pit stations to refuel their vehicles and car ry on with the journey with a group of friends is a very enjoyable experience. This idea is very similar to the Harley Owners Group or also known as the HOGS. This is an international group that unites by a super C passion. These members owns the famous Harley Davidson Motorcycles.Members of the HOGS are very close to one another, everyone from any occupation, blue collar, white collar can ride together as an equal. The general idea for Xpresso Lube to bring into play its very similar, everyone is equal regardless of occupation or any other group, everyone will treat each other as equal, as a family. This will even further bonds the customers and Xpresso Lube into another level where very little has succeed. Customers will feel that they belong to Xpresso Lube, they will feel that they are a part of Xpresso Lube.Internet ServicesXpresso Lube can also consider adding a wireless net connection via modems/routers, laptops and printers in their caf or lounge. This would enable custome rs to check their email, complete some work, print out documents or other activities for no extra surcharge. This would allow busy businessmen who would want to do something more productive at the service shop to work, or let university students on the go print out assignments. This would mean turning their caf into a internet caf.Childrens Play CornerOf course, adding a childrens corner would not hurt, in order to keep the children happily occupied and relatively more quiet. unprejudiced games and puzzles or even a Wii or Xbox (for a bigger budget) would occupy the children for hours while the parents have a chat over coffee. This would attract more working mothers who drive to drop by as they would not have to engage a baby sitter at the last moment for only an hour or so. Having designated story telling sessions would also attract parents to drop their car, as well as their children there while they catch up with friends over coffee.

Alcohol Addiction Essay

It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the problem of addiction, which affects many individuals, families and communities e rattlingday. This set ab reveal is going to look at the prevalence of addiction in Scotland and what the sparing Government ar proposing to do to reduce the dam fester motiond by addiction. there are many another(prenominal) stakeholders in the scheme to make Scotland a infract place these are individuals themselves, friends, family, communities, local governments and the National Health Service. Everyone is working together to try and make Scotland a better and safer place to live.The definition of addiction has changed so many times over the years from when great deal believed that addiction was basically a physiological adaptation to the posture of a drug in the body so that the absence of the drug leads to physiological dysfunction which is manifest to the sufferer as unpleasant or veritable(a) life-threatening withdrawal symptoms (West an d Hardy, 2006). This definition howeve takes into consideration the idea that an addiction only has a physiological effect on the body rather than a psychological one. Now, addiction is to be delimitate as a syndrome at the centre of which is impaired control over a behaviour, and this loss of control is leading to substantial harm (West and Hardy, 2006). One of the main reasons that the definition has changed so many times is the particular that addiction is socially defined rather than having a matter of fact definition of an object.It has been arrange that everyone is addicted to something however, it may not be an illegal substance. It can range from anything that is immediately harmful like drugs to some other substances that work dangerous in larger quantities. Many people wee sound addicted to things such as exercise, food and gambling. Although these do not seem to be dangerous, addiction is more of a lifestyle and therefore addicts normally only live to get their next fix. So if done too oftentimes can become harmful, for example, sickting on too much weight from eating a lot of food is psychologically damaging as soundly as bad for your mental wellness. Whereas shopping and gambling can ensnare you in serious money debt, which in turn may cause a distress and psychological problems.Although there are many different types of addiction this es narrate is going to look at alcoholic beverageism in particular. An alcoholic is defined as a person who has a tolerance for alcohol, they are dependent on alcohol, and the develop withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is terminated (Bennett and Holloway, 2005). Unlike other substances alcoholics tend to start in lower doses and work up to higher. In the UK, the recommended daily intake of alcohol, for men is 21 and women are 14 units. However, in 2008, it was found that 50% of men and 30% of women are regularly inebriation of the sensible drinking guidelines. Because of this, the Scottish Government has started to make many changes to the way alcohol is interchange. This essay will look at the different effects that alcohol addiction has on a persons life and what strategies the Government incur put in to place.Many look intoes have taken place to determine whether or not there is a single gene that can decide whether a person will become dependant on alcohol in their life and without any proof it is understood that there is no genes that can do work this. However, there are countless factors that influence the prevalence of a person becoming an alcoholic from the environment they live in to the choices they make. In recent research carried out by the Scottish Government it was found that One in 4 women consume alcohol during pregnancy.Foetuses can become dependent on the alcohol that the mother is drinking throughout the pregnancy. This can likewise mean that the foetus can develop some kind of alcohol related stimulate defects, such a malformations, growth retardation a nd abnormalities, which have considerable individual variation. The environment that a child grows up in also plays a component in the way a person views alcohol. If a child grows up with parents who are either alcoholics themselves it is very likely that the child will start drinking at a childlyer age so therefore increasing their risk of alcohol dependency in later years.It has been found that male and females fight back differently to addiction, as women tend to start at lower doses than men, however they are increase their dosage at a higher rate than men. This is calm the same when it comes down to dealing with addiction, women are more like to go and get help than men.With lack of quality education in the most strip areas of Scotland many people are unemployed. It is these people with no real life prospects that turn to alcohol. With alcohol dependency being more of a lifestyle, an addicts life is very chaotic, only reservation sure they have enough money for the alcoho l they need. Addiction can also be difficult for family and social life, as addicts are usually unable to look after children or other family member. This can lead to breakdown of families and communities, which can add more violence to an area. The government have estimated that alcohol misuse costs Scotland 2.25 billion every year. This figure includes all of the social problems that alcohol misuse creates. For instance paying for the NHS to treat people who have had accidents while being intoxicated or domestic abuse cause by alcohol. In the policy the government aimed to reduce the alcohol related hospital admission by 2011.(Scot Gov, 2011)Scotland is well known around the world for the drinking and the whisky that the country produces. In a study that was carried out by Biggar Economics (Blackett, G. 2013) in 2012, it found that the whisky industry employs a massive 10,284 workers in Scotland and had a turnover of 3,940 million in 2008. A survey was carried out to find if Scots enjoy a night better if they are drinking alcohol. It showed that 32% of people said that they found it easier and of the 32%, 42% of them were men. In the UK alone Scotland has the highest mortality rate out of each country. Scotland (26 deaths per 100,000 people) has double the amount of deaths by alcohol than England (13 deaths per 100,000 people). To reduce alcohol related violence the government put forward legislation to stop nightclubs from serving their drinks in supplyes and serve them in plastic cups instead. This meant that let people were being injured from broken glass being thrown.Changing Scotlands family relationship with Alcohol A Framework for Action (2009) is a follow on policy from a, well received by the public, discussion paper, Changing Scotlands Relationship with Alcohol, where they proposed different ways to reduce alcohol misuse in Scotland. The policy states that alcohol is a big problem than anybody realised withmany factor contri scarcelying to it su ch as, socio-economic, cultural, educational, community-based, health-related, or linked to individual behaviors and choices (Sturgeon, N. 2009). The main stakeholders of the policy are the Scottish Government, local Governments, health organisations (NHS), individuals and the alcohol trade market. The policy starts by stating the main reason that the alcohol misuse is becoming such a problem in Scotland, which is the fact that it has become so affordable, it is now 70% more affordable than in 1980 (Sturgeon, N. 2009).The main aim of the policy is to reduce alcohol consumption by supporting individuals and communities by improving their own attitude towards the ever-growing problem of alcohol misuse. The first thing that the government want to do is ban off-sales from selling alcohol as a loss leader to bring customers into their premise. The way to enforce this was to introduce a minimum price per unit of alcohol. This also meant that shops could no longer advertise alcohol based o n price reduction alone. Another aim of the policy was to raise the legal age for buying alcohol from off sale to 21. There were mixed votes, with were in favour (Sturgeon, N. 2009). In a test run of the project in Cupar, Stenhousemuir and Armadale, only running on Friday and Saturday evening, it was found that there was a reduction in anti-social areas in all three area. However, with so many people being against it the Scottish Government have refrained from putting this in force. plan for action on alcohol problems update (2007) is policy written by the Scottish government as an update of the Plan for action on alcohol problems (2002). The main stakeholders of this policy are the Scottish Government, Local Government, the Scottish education system, individuals, health organisations (NHS) and the alcohol trade industry. One of the first aims of the policy is to educate adolescent people about the dangers of alcohol and alcohol misuse. This is in hope that if they educate the youn g people then when they grow up and become the age of legally being able to drunk that they will have enough knowledge and education to be able to handle it with care and therefore reducing alcohol misuse in the future. The Scottish government have introduced the Alcohol. Dont Push It campaign, set out to not only educating the young people but everyone of all ages not to abuse alcohol but rather to have it as part of a healthy, balanced lifestyle. TheScottish Government has put in 13 million over 2005/06 and 2006/07 to support local alcohol treatment, support and prevention activities (Kerr, A. 2007).This shows that they are trying to tackle local authorities to ensure that they have the knowledge and support to be able to educe their alcohol misuse problems themselves. It has been found that the number of liquor licences in Scotland has increased by 23%(Kerr, A. 2007). This is making alcohol more and more accessible meaning that people are able to drink to so much excess with alc ohol being sold in off-licenses, supermarkets, pubs and little local shops. Alcohol-related industries are estimated to employ around 155,000 people (6% of tot up employment in Scotland) (Kerr, A. 2007) This means that a lot of peoples livelihood relies on the production and sale of alcohol in Scotland and if sales decrease too much these people lose out. The UK Government receives taxes of 7% of total Customs and Excise revenue (Kerr, A. 2007) from alcohol alone. This means that if the alcohol sales were to go down they would lose out on money however, saying that they would also save the money that they currently spend on the restoring the problems that alcohol misuse cause, such as treating people that have illnesses relating to alcohol.When providing alcohol all premises have to have a license to allow the to do this. The Alcohol Etc. (Scotland) Act 2010 was written by the Scottish Government to ensure that all premises were following the laws and regulations of their license. The main stakeholders in this act are the Scottish Government and the alcohol sales industry. The act outlines the rule and regulations for the sale and pricing of alcohol. The act states that if A package containing twain or more alcoholic products (whether of the same or different kinds) may only be sold on the premises at a price equal to or greater than the sum of the prices at which each alcoholic product is for sale on the premises (Anon. 2011).This means that if two products are packaged together that they must be sold for at least the price of the products if they were sold individually if they are also sold separately on the same premises. The act also states that a premise must have a scheme in place to make sure that age verification is being carried. Many place take the Think 25 approach, where they must ask verification of anyone who looks aged 25 or under. This is to ensure that young people who look olderthan they are are being checked for identification. This is on e way the Scottish Government are trying to reduce the underage drinking in Scotland.Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012 was put into place to ensure that alcohol was not being sold at too much of a reduced price. The reason for this is to stop alcohol being made too accessible, especially to people who are not able to afford the necessities such as food, water and safe shelter. An equation was put in to place to ensure that everyone was complying with the same legislation, it was MPU x S x V x 100 (Anon. 2011). MPU is utmost price per unit, S is Strength of the Alcohol and V is the Volume of alcohol.In conclusion of this essay, alcohol misuse is still a major problem in Scotland to this day but with the leadership of the government and the help of every individual, community and local government then hopefully in the future we can say that Scotland is still as social and hospitable as ever. The only change will be that there is a decrease in the deaths, injuries and soc ial problems cause by alcohol.REFERENCESBennett, T. and Holloway, K. 2005. _Understanding drugs, alcohol and crime_. Maidenhead Open University Press.Drink Aware. 2013. _Alcohol Dependence_. online acquirable at http//www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-dependence.Unknown. 2003. _Percentages of Past Year Alcohol Dependence or Abuse among Adults Aged 21 or Older, by Age at First Use_. image online Available at http//www.samhsa.gov/data/2k4/ageDependence/ageDependence.htm.Scot Gov. 2011. _Varying risk of crime proportion of adults who were victims of crime by area deprivation_. image online Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/10/28142346/5.West, R. and Hardy, A. 2006. _Theory of addiction_. Oxford Blackwell Pub./Addiction Press.Ford, K. Unknown. Understanding of the use of alcohol in pregnancy amongst women in Scotland. published by General Register Office. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/1753 56/0066306.pdfKerr, A. 2007. Plan for action on alcohol problems update. Published by the Scottish Executive. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/02/19150222/0Sturgeon, N. 2009. Changing Scotlands Relationship with Alcohol A Framework for Action. Published by the Scottish Government. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/262905/0078610.pdfAnon. 2010. Alcohol etc. (Scotland) Act 2010. Published by the Scottish Government. Available at http//www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2010/18/contentsAnon. 2012. Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012. Published by the Scottish Government. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Health/Services/Alcohol/minimum-pricingScot Gov. 2009. Tackling alcohol misuse. Published by the Scottish Government. Available athttp//www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2009/03/02085300Blackett, G. 2013. Contribution of the Scotch Whisky Industry to the Scottish Economy. Published by Biggar Economics. Available at http//reidfound ation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Whisky-and-the-Scottish-Economy-BiGGAR-Economics-Nov12.pdf8

Operations management Essay

Q.1. Discuss Bill Jones and his set about to automation comp bed otherwises?Operations charge as applied by by Bill Jones approaches to automation helped increase performance and boost the employees morale and therefrom credited his approach to be emulated. He demonstrated the best principle of wariness based on the ability to bring workers, managers and machines together to increase production at Cambria steelton industry. He was an puzzled caring leader who was promoted from his reputation of building the furnaces at Chattaniooga in Tennessee. He was of strong character which helped him to blend corporate goals with those of his workers therefore generating accomplish handst one after the other.Besides, he believed that the steel industry required strategic constant sequential upgrading and motivated men to work for eight hours only as opposed to the standard 12 hours which he considered as brutal and sound reflection productive to the industry. This was however in contrast with most of the other leaders who insisted on full exploitation of the 12 hours automation system of the steel accompany (Gerald, 1981). His operation commission style superimposed on him being a community man earned him the heart of many which acted as motivation to them.The employees place with him so much that they were refereed to as Jones boys. He was occasionally seen eating peanuts and smoking cigars on the street of Braddock. He insisted for the 12 hours working duration due to his issue and generosity that made him contribute freely to the society. Besides he was human enough in that by considering the working hours to be eight, the workers would be involved with other constructive ways for their lives handle sports which was very helpful to the industry though indirectly. He relied on promotions from within the company as the employees having served under him had the relevant experience to run varied sections (Gerald, 1981).He encouraged innovations and improvements to increase production from the company. He initiated the use of the use of the larger mixers which allowed for continuous flow of the liquid pig iron. Also, he innovated the use of steel bolts in rail housing that raised the strength of the iron products made in the company. As a result, this ensured continuous production and impact of steel in the company during and after his management period.Bill Jones operation management based on the belief of careful selection of the men he employed, assisted him assisted him to increase production as he worked with innovation oriented concourse only in the company. He combined the operation of the machines with the postgraduate motivation of the employees to increase the production. He reiterated that the aim of the firm was to keep the company running steadily. Therefore he encountered less resistance from the employees in terms of employments claims and overwork which increased the company production (Gerald, 1981).Due to his managemen t approaches and link to his combined automation mode, other leaders differed with him. Carnegie tried to pressurize Bill Jones to adopt the 12 hours system and reduce the use of machines which Jones dismissed as abuse for humanity. This mode however had led to the demonstrations on overworking and less pay due yo bring down production from the system. As Jones dislike the use of labor unions for championing the employees rights, Carnegie opted to negotiate with them and had great successes in his production mode.Morel lust like Jones, believed in combination of machines and experienced people to be adapted to increase the production of the company. He had a loving attitude towards the employees and encouraged ethics in the work place where the employees did non have to work for the whole long eight hours for the employees to be motivated. He also encouraged the gradual introduction of the machines to the company for improvement. Morrell developed and molded flush toilet Fritz o n the basis of Engineering and automation which later earned him the name dean of steel makers (Gerald, 1981).Discuss why inventory control is key to flow?Inventory control is important to fish as it acts as the gauge and the main determinant of the progression of an individuals byplay. This method calls employment of the main principles of scientific management and better employee benefits to achieve high customer satisfaction for the company. It is the main tool for success in business having been adopted by large successful companies like Ford manufacturing and Toyota. Inventory control and lean practices entails careful consideration of the customers requirements and desire as the key element for the success of the business. Inventory therefore as Heinz indicates, is the appreciate of the energy after the quality demands of the customer have been met. The employees must(prenominal) understand the operation system of the lean philosophy for better application (Gerald, 1981 ).Heinz adds that in in this mode, the company must choose the market in which he will supply his goods for success to be achieved. The inventory must be tied to and image in dollars to increase the production and reduce the overhead costs. Then the managers salaries should be related to the wasted inventory dollars for the lean manufacture to succeed. Big companies managers may utter the feel of inventory but smaller businesses keep their inventories carefully and refer to them as dollars and therefore progress faster as they manage leanly their manufacturing system.The inventory surgery therefore tells you the level of efficiency you are operating on and therefore assist you in making different immediate decisions that are meant to help your business to grow if it had bottle necks. To add to that, these inventories help the managers identify the problems well in advance therefore being adequately equipped for to tackle them. Heinz indicates that hedge inventories are built beca use of poor performance. Decision making on questionable products had to be made quickly (Gerald, 1981).The supply of the raw materials into the company for making the products is fiber of the company business activities. Lean requires ample supply of raw materials in the production telegraph line and consequent market determination to enhance the exit of the products at the desired prices. Physical inventory therefore assists to address the problem of the supplies in the company by prior prediction of the trends. Heinz insists that, you can never run lean without a good supply chain of your companyIn addition, inventory ensures that dynamism in the customer requirements are easy to deal with thus ever-changing of products can be done quickly without losing the market. It ensures that the employees are flexible in their operations through and through proper planning. Mr. Heinz had used no tooling but had to change to different food products quickly through ample planning and flexi bility of the employees.For successful lean to be realized adequate supply of labor must be available in the production and supply unit. Temporary and part time laborers should be engaged as they increase the flexibility of the company in quantify of the production swings as different times of the year. Therefore location on places with inadequate supply like major towns would help greatly increase the efficiency of the lean. Heinz employed large numbers of women on temporary and part time basis to heighten the production differences at various periods. Inventory control therefore under the vision for high quality helps in implementing the lean philosophy.Compare the approach of Charles Schwab at Bethelem Steel to Edison on innovation?Charles Schwab differed with Edison on the operation management in the steel company for improvement thorough innovation (Gerald, 1981). Though both of their approaches were aimed at increasing production their diversity resulted to the varying produ ction levels. Charles believed that men are driven by competition while the business is driven by cooperation and therefore ensured that customer suppler cooperative network was maintained. Through this approach Charles was able to marvel may as to the method he used to get access to the vast dynamic market. Even the internal relationship of the employees revolved on the employee friend ship who were the key pillars to supply in the company (Gerald, 1981).Edison on the other hand believed on the market driven forces to gain the market through the forces of demand and supply. He equally succeeded but his levels were lower than those of Charles. Charles notes that the production was driven through commitment and understanding between the employees and the management.They both believed that labor and management must go hand in hand for the consistency of the employment to be maintained. Though this was rather visionary, it was achieved with greater satisfaction to the employees who wer e guaranteed their wages and salaries in the production line and thus improved their morale for more production. Charles insisted that manual rewards should be based on the profitability of the production system. This also improves the quality of products as well as the welfare of the employees. Edison on the other hand insisted on use of Bonuses and Employees rewards which also raised the morale of the employees in the company. Though both methods improved the rate of production from the employees, the later system may be hard to establish and is open to biasness (Gerald, 1981).Charles just like Edison invested strongly in the employees and believed that the managers must play a agnatic role by protecting and developing the employees. They believed that the employees were the key to increased production of the factory and thus their welfare must be taken seriously. Their safety, health, and living conditions must go hand in hand with the current trends and the state of the company. Charles used safety and pension schemes innovation for the employees to concentrate in their work (Gerald, 1981). The paternal approach was respectful of the workers and therefore was no considered to be like the welfare where the integrity was taken aback (Gerald, 1981).To add to that, they both believed in application of technology and enthronization as the first application of profits in the company. The technology would reduce greatly the cost of production through innovation at the different sections of production. This would in return increase the profit margin for the company. High levels of innovations and integration of management, machines and the employees, must be carefully balanced to increase the production levels of a company. As indicated above, the employees in any production management unit form the most important asset that should carefully handled to raise the production levels at all times.