Dverse Population Of Global City London †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Dverse Population Of Global City London. Answer: London is viewed as a worldwide city because of the differing populace its hosts. London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and England. Critical, it has different vacation spots and different characteristics that make it powerful to visitor and outside exchange. Already, London was involved by the Romans before different gatherings of individuals went along. Prior to the 13TH Century, London was known as Londinium.Since time in commemoration, London city has consistently been crowded. As in the second century, it was evaluated that London was involved by over a hundred thousand individuals. Notwithstanding, the crowded populace has generously decreased the Plaque during the seventeenth century. Be that as it may, the populace recovered towards the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. The friendliness of Londoners doesn't go unnoticed. Vital, London has a rich social history. This history has made it increasingly alluring to voyagers because of the social practices, engineering structures, and one of a kind superstructure. Londons history is formed by the Roman Empire presence and the British Industrial unrest whose impacts straightforwardly affected the city. Notwithstanding being a visitor goal, London is among the biggest global exchange goal. Principally, London is the focal point of outside trade exchanges. Furthermore, the city is encircled by stable monetary establishments which make global exchange effectively feasible (Consultancy.Uk, 2016). Further, there is a sufficient flexibly of work attributable to the exceptionally crowded sythesis of the city and furthermore the high movement rates into the city. The interest for remote exchange and the presence of gracefully factors in the city of London makes it useful for outside exchange (JLL, 2018). Also, the United Kingdoms political will has made London as a business and the travel industry goal conceivable. This is because of the way that London is home to the United Kingdom's parliament. Likewise, the United Kingdoms government has executed legitimate and sufficient framework to help worldwide and nearby business exercises. Through its parliament, business overseeing guidelines and administrative bodies have been set up to encourage and support remote exchange (Smithsonian,2013). The political soundness of the United Kingdom has made a helpful business condition which has supported the income of London as a City. Significantly, Londons most grounded advertise associations are with China, The United States of America and European Union Member states. Londons availability has been supported by the executed framework. In particular, London transportation arrange is considered the biggest on the planet. The underground railroad transportation framework has made open vehicle available and moderately reasonable along these lines making travel simpler and quicker. Also, London has different transports, air transport and water transport framework which make availability simple and ideal that lifts exchange. With respect to, Londons climate is calm, moderately high temperatures, uncommon snowing and freezing spells which is positive for the travel industry and different exercises. Be that as it may, when it snows, ice skating is conceivable and amusing to do. London Winters are low with moderately warm temperatures. Genuinely, London cuts over the River Thames. The River Thames is appealing as a port city and is perfect for transportation of products (Merk, n. d). There are different assets that help the esteemed status of London as a worldwide business goal. .Social assorted variety makes London appealing for visitors (World urban communities social discussion, 2018).London appreciates a notoriety for rich culture, interesting structure plan, and design which make London reasonable for business and delight. The crowded contamination is a wellspring of the promptly accessible work power which is perfect for business exchanges. London appreciates relative points of interest with regards to money related, land and the administration business. Additionally, the vital River Thames encourages transportation of products all through London which is favorable for business. Londons upper hands come from its area, access to global markets, talented taskforce and a helpful administrative framework.London is a universal exchanging community for the most remote exchange. Likewise, London is blessed with different superstructures, for example, the underground passage. The underground railroad burrow isn't just one of a kind yet it is the biggest on the planet (Global Alliance of SMES,2018). The underground passage has made open transportation simple and convenient.Not just is the passage a type of open vehicle yet in addition a vacation spot. Moreover, London is an inside for political, social and monetary action. London being the focal point of political movement is on the grounds that the United Kingdoms parliament is positioned in London. The framework set up in London has made the city available and perfect for business, both nearby and worldwide. Londons framework is considered the biggest, as far as open transportation implies, the underground railroad arrange. As of late, Britain quit the European Union. This occasion could impactsly affect the financial future exercises of London and other Britain regions. This is because of the way that London significant fare goal was the European Union.(Office for national statistics,2018).Alongside the European Union part states, China and the United States of America are Londons top exchanging accomplices. The eventual fate of London monetary income may be marginally influenced by this move.London is the ideal universal business and vacationer goal inferable from the way that it has a helpful domain for both Pleasure and business. Additionally, there are social and uncommon occasions, for example, the Wimbledon, which is viewed as a noteworthy game. Other diversion exercises incorporate ice-skating, jamborees, marches, swimming, and birdwatching, gaming and betting offices among different exercises for amusement. With everything taken into account, the significance of London as a city to its nation and to the remainder of the world can't be overlooked. London is the meaning of a global goal for traveling and completing business. This is because of the factor that London has the best empowering condition for global organizations, political security and will, rich social foundation, superstructure, better foundation and superstructure that make the city open, recreation exercises and offices are set up and a viable legitimate administrative structure for worldwide exchange exchanges. Gifted work power and prepared market for its item and administrations give London a similar favorable position over different urban communities participating in a similar exchange. In addition to the fact that london is a global business goal a universal visitor goal. In any case, following the Brexit Vote, there may be some financial income changes to Londons send out income. References Consultancy.Uk. (2016).The Top 25 appealing worldwide urban areas, London and New York Lead. Consultancy.Org. Recovered from https://www.consultancy.uk/news/12197/the-main 25-most-appealing worldwide urban communities london-and-new-york-lead Worldwide Alliance of SMES. (2018).What Makes London a Global city? Globalsmes. Organization. Recovered from https://www.globalsmes.org/news/index.php?func=detaildetailid=572catalog=30lan=en JLL. (2018). Intensity. Develop. London. Recovered from https://grow.london/intensity/ London First. (2012).Londons Current and Future Competitiveness: An audit of Competitor Data.[Online].Retrieved from https://londonfirst.co.uk/wpcontent/transfers/2012/09/Competitiveness_report_-_FINAL.pdf Merk, O. (n .d).The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities Synthesis Report. Association for monetary Cooperation and .D.Org. .Recovered from https://www.oecd.org/cfe/provincial strategy/Competitiveness-of-Global-Port-Cities-Synthesis-Report.pdf Office for National Statistics. (2018).Who does the UK Trade with?. ONS .Gov. UK. Recovered from https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/whodoestheuktradewith/2017-02-21 Smithsonian. (2013).Top 10 Annual Events in London. Smithsonian.Com. Recovered from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/top-10-yearly occasions in-london-1-1378476 World Cities Culture Forum.(2018).Cities .World urban communities culture forum.[Online].Retrieved from https://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/urban communities/london

Hurricane Andrew Case Study

Presentation Disasters are a reality in human life and keeping in mind that some are avertable, others must be confronted. In case of a catastrophe, readiness, reaction, and recuperation to the occurrence decide the degree of harm. Waugh (2000, p.34) calls attention to that calamities constantly make shaky workplaces for both the people in question and the help laborers which puts forth it hard for crisis attempts to be actualized without prearranged plans.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Hurricane Andrew explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, catastrophe arranging and the board assume a significant job in recuperation from a debacle. To underline the job that arranging plays in misfortune reaction and recuperation, this paper will audit Hurricane Andrew which is one of the more huge catastrophic events ever to happen on the US territory. An audit of the reaction to Hurricane Andrew in 1992 will show that an absence of expand r ecuperation getting ready for a fiasco prompts wasteful aspects and extra harms. Brief review of the Hurricane Andrew Hurricane Andrew happened on August 24, 1992 in the Floridian coast bringing about tremendous human uprooting and a giant harm of property. As of that time, Hurricane Andrew was the third most remarkable tempest to each strike the United States terrain (Sirkin, 1995, p.1). The expanding seaside populace was answerable for the noteworthy property costs related with the Hurricane. While the Floridian coast is dependent upon tropical storms, it is a great area individuals despite everything need to live there. Sirkin (1995, p.4) gauges that the property harms coming about because of the typhoon were in the scope of $20billion making it the most costly and annihilating tempest starting at that point. Before the Hurricane hit the US coast, Satellite pictures had followed it crossing from the west bank of Africa and into the Atlantic as right on time as August 14. With the utilization of radar and observation, the Hurricane Center had the option to give a 12 hours in guidance ahead of time to the occupants of Florida giving them an opportunity to empty the waterfront areas.Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on natural investigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the admonition, huge clearings were completed along the Florida coast with about 1.2 million waterfront occupants being emptied. The departure endeavors before Hurricane Andrew are esteemed as one of the best organized in the US history and they empowered more than 1 million occupants to move to more secure grounds. Sirkin (1995) affirms that the clearing endeavors spared numerous lives which would have been lost if a departure had not been requested. Aftereffects of the Disaster Hurricane Andrew had been gone before by Hurricane Hugo which had happened in 1989 and brought about certain adjustments in the Federal g overnment’s reactions to catastrophic events. While there was a Federal Response Plan (FRP) set up, the degree of Federal-State coordination and arranging in Florida was still at an early stages stage (FEMA, 1993, p.33). The greater part of the ideas progressed by the FRP were not comprehended by nearby government components in Florida. The crisis readiness plan of the Dade County guaranteed that more than 84,000 individuals were offered crisis cover by Red Cross just as the various open structures and schools that were assigned. In any case, this arrangement end up being lacking considering the way that 250,000 individuals needed safe house and food. There was absence of calamity recuperation arranging and this reality got clear inside hours of the storm’s passing. After the tempest had passed, no government or state plan was set up to give help to the fiasco casualties. FEMA (1993, p.33) takes note of that the Federal government sat tight for demands from the State f or help as opposed to profiting it in advance. This end up being incapable as help was not conveyed in an opportune manner and individuals kept on enduring superfluously and more property was harmed. The arrangement in this manner neglected to satisfy the center destinations of calamity the board which are to spare lives, mitigate enduring, and forestall further loses after a disaster.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Hurricane Andrew explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was an enormous correspondence breakdown following the Hurricane which wrecked the vast majority of the correspondence foundation. Successful correspondence needs to happen to organize the catastrophe the executives endeavors. Because of the elevated degrees of mental weight and a separate of foundation, for example, phone lines and versatile base stations, the ordinary structures correspondence demonstrated deficient on account of Hurricane Andrew. Haddow, Bullock, and Coppola (2008) note that in the initial hardly any days following Hurricane Andrew, FEMA (which is the Federal office liable for planning reactions to immense catastrophe in the US) couldn't spread the required data to networks and coordination of endeavors among volunteer association was poor. Exercises Learned various important exercises can be gained from the fiasco the executives and recuperation endeavors during Hurricane Andrew. Storm Andrew carried it to the consideration of the administration that better proactive arranging is essential for help and recuperation a short time later. The arranging and readiness exercises that had been attempted before the catastrophe were pivotal since they prompted the sparing of lives. The significance of precise harm and needs evaluations was additionally featured by this rate since the underlying assessments by neighborhood authorities end up being terribly downplayed. FEMA (1993, p.35) states that all around prepared work fo rce ought to perform harm and needs evaluation inside 24 hours of the occasion and build up a reaction plan which recognizes the required assets. The Hurricane uncovered the requirement for increasingly proactive measures to handle catastrophes. Sirkin (1995, p.4) states that there was absence of a forceful Federal help for the catastrophe casualties with government organizations making guarantees of help without giving any important resources.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on ecological investigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It took 10 days for satisfactory supplies and labor to be profited to the debacle casualties. The postpone prompted more harms to property and pointless enduring by the survivors of the Hurricane. The significant expense in harms from the Hurricane could have been moderated if brief move had been made. The Hurricane likewise featured the significance of better planned recuperation endeavors after a catastrophe. From the Hurricane, unmistakably for most calamities of a significant size, aid projects must be embraced through the joint endeavors of different associations. Typhoon Andrew overpowered the nearby and state assets and it was evident that outside assistance were expected to contain the circumstance. During the event of Hurricane Andrew, there were different plans set up by the administration for successful coordination of Federal government’s reaction to catastrophic event. The most striking of this was the FRP which was to go about as a thorough system through which d ifferent debacle reaction offices and associations can arrange their endeavors and in this manner give a brought together reaction to fiascos. FEMA (1993) noticed that the FRP depended on the reason that a critical catastrophe would require the joint effort of Federal, State, and neighborhood crisis reaction and recuperation tasks. Tropical storm Andrew showed that the arrangement should have been calibrated since in spite of its quality, the neighborhood government work force in the influenced regions were overpowered and incapable to convey explicit necessities. Typhoon Andrew showed how poor correspondence and coordination could be a significant obstruction to reaction and recuperation endeavors. From the Hurricane, it became evident that a settled Federal nearness in the hazardous situation both previously as well as quickly following the calamity (FEMA, 1993, p.32). Haddow et al (2008) express that after Hurricane Andrew, FEMA proceeded onward to turn into the lead organization in crisis and fiasco the executives in the US. The Hurricane additionally brought to consideration the insufficiency of existing correspondence frameworks in case of a calamity. Waugh (2000, p.32) uncovers that during calamities, correspondence lines can be harmed or get overpowered because of a spike in correspondence volumes as colossal quantities of individuals attempt to impart all the while (Federal Emergency Management Agency 1993). Elective channels of correspondences are thusly important to guarantee that calamity the executives work force can impart unhindered during the fiasco. End This paper set out to survey the ruinous Hurricane Andrew which struck the Floridian coast in 1992 with destroying impacts. Extraordinary consideration has been paid on the exercises that can be drawn from the calamity recuperation endeavors in the consequence of Hurricane Andrew. This paper has uncovered that regardless of the guidance ahead of time of the obstructing catastrophe, the governme nt crisis reaction group didn't think of a compelling recuperation plan. This brought about more noteworthy harms and disturbance of the lives of the people’s whose homes had been harmed by the typhoon. From the investigation of Hurricane Andrew, it is obvious that better proactive arranging and fast reaction is essential for help and recuperation following a calamity. References Federal Emergency Management Agency. (1993). FEMA Evaluation of Federal Response and Recovery Efforts. NY: FEMA. Haddow, G.D., Bullock, J.A., Coppola, D.P. (2008). The controls of Emergency Management: Response: In Introduction to Emergency Management. (third Ed). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. Sirkin, A. (1995). Designing review of Hurricane Andrew in South Florida. Diary of Urban Planning

Problems and Prospects of Banking Industry in Bangladesh free essay sample

Issues and prospects of banking industry in Bangladesh The national bank has at long last endorsed nine additional banks notwithstanding existing 47 business banks in Bangladesh. Three new NRB business banks, supported by non-inhabitant Bangladeshis (NRBs), and six private business banks (PCBs), have been affirmed meaning to help support the inflow of outside trade and reinforce the continuous money related consideration programs through bringing unbanked individuals under the financial system separately. The letters of aim (LoIs) 'have just been given to the supporters of such affirmed banks. There have been numerous huge improvements in the economy of Bangladesh since 2000-2001, the national bank expressed, clarifying the financial setting and justification behind giving licenses for new banks. The economy has developed and the financial framework has gotten progressively serious however there are as yet countless under-banked individuals in Bangladesh. Late gauges from a study led by the Institute of Microfinance (IoF) found that lone 45 percent of the about 9000 family units reviewed do approach banks and miniaturized scale fund organizations (MFIs) for credits. We will compose a custom exposition test on Issues and Prospects of Banking Industry in Bangladesh or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The populace per branch (21065) and the proportion of credit accounts per 1000 grown-ups (42yrs) recommend that the effort of the formal money related part in Bangladesh is lower than that in India (14485 and 124 individually) and Pakistan (20340 populace for every branch and 47 advance records for each 1000), as per the announcement of IoF. Bangladesh Bank accept that the new banks will help increment the nature of banking administrations by expanding rivalry in the financial division. They will likewise have the option to fulfill the unfulfilled need for credit by the private part whose requirements have become in accordance with a quick extending economy. The national bank noticed that, for new banks the proportion of opening country and urban branch will be 1:1 which will assist increment with banking offices in rustic regions and improve budgetary incorporation. Be that as it may, the home truth is; no bank can grow in the rustic territories before concentrating and making business in urban regions. Prior, the issue of conceding licenses to new banks made many cause a stir. Inquiries were being posed by bona fide specialists, brokers and individuals even on the governing body of the national bank about the knowledge of permitting more banks, a division that had been battling hard to adapt to the issue of liquidity lack for a considerable length of time together. The financial part is as of now soaked with 47 business banks. There was no rationale to permit new banks during this snapshot of the nation. The new comers will make an unfortunate rivalry in banking administrations, influence solidness of the part and cause gainfulness of the current banks to endure. The passage of more banks will trigger a trip of gigantic store including Tk 36. 00 billion from existing banks to put as settled up capital against new banks; this will prompt further weakenings of the rigid circumstance previously winning in the financial part. The comparative occurrence will happen for quality representatives of the current banks. All these will prompt a more noteworthy befuddle between their credit and store proportion and intense lack of good investors. The banks will be compelled to go for unsafe speculation subsequent to gathering store at high rate from a previously immersed showcase. It will genuinely influence the general bank-business and the business too. Banks are to encourage a wide range of financial exercises and fund numerous different needs of the individuals, in both urban and country territories. Be that as it may, congestion of the financial segment isn't at all attractive as this, rather than meeting those targets, would make issues for the segment itself, especially the current administrators in the area. This may even unfavorably affect the essential segments of the economy all the while. It was impossible that the governing body of Bangladesh Bank didn't know about that reality. However they were attempting to choose the correct ones since the administration is unwavering in its choice to permit new banks. Opening up of new counts on political thought, as announced on numerous occasions, may decrease the certainty of the customers in banks just as weaken the administration nature of the general financial part. In the mean time, a few theorists express that when new banks kick off their activities a substantial weight on stores of existing banks would be applied. The last are probably going to see a trip of stores while their current advance liabilities including non-performing credits (NPLs) will stay at an unaltered level. This is probably going to cause a bungle between their stores and exceptional measure of credits or advance portfolio. Since the national bank previously affirmed new banks and gave the LoIs, it will be simply avoiding the real issue to express anything despite what might be expected. Or maybe, presently it is smarter to plan how every one of these banks can be overseen easily. In such manner the accompanying measures might be actualized: * The new banks ought to present new and creative administrations and should scale up their items for settling on the administration choice significant. There is no preventing that the quality from securing the backers generally impacts the nature of activity of banks as such supporters assume a significant job in the dynamic. In this way, the national bank should intently analyze the track records of the patrons and it must not surrender to political weight of any kind on this issue. The nature of the bank executives ought to be looked after carefully. * The national bank may focus its consideration on the shade of cash of the proposed executives who will contribute as the settled up capital. The national bank must need to assume the job of a guard dog if there should arise an occurrence of shopping the speculation customers of new banks from existing banks by favoring as far as possible then the present extraordinary. The national bank must be careful in looking at the proposed venture customers of new banks, especially those whose cases must be rescheduled. Getting rescheduled, the wiped out customers in the current banks become especially acting in new banks for the present in the setting of opening new banks in the market. The national bank needs to require to think about a few different issues, preceding giving successful authorization to new banks, including proprietorship quality. The crucial issue that merits need consideration of both national bank and the administration is better financial inclusion of the heretofore ignored country territories. The new banks might be approached to serve the provincial individuals widely. * On the highest point of everything, both the national bank and the administration should guarantee the section of more grounded players in the financial field and keep close watch on the impacts of such a passage on the general financial industry. The Bangladesh Bank and Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM) need to take planning on organizing the banks via preparing up the financiers. Since market will be oversaturated when the new banks start tasks. The precipitations of banks may show up at the base of the broker of banks in Bangladesh. Time has shown up; the chance of merger of powerless banks can't be snickered away. Still we trust in the best. The recently affirmed three NRB business banks to be specific, NRB Commercial Bank Ltd, NRB Bank Ltd and NRB Bank Ltd will bring USD150. 0 million as settled up capital of the non-inhabitant Bangladeshis (NRBs).

Enron And Its Effect On Society - 1867 Words

Throughout history and surrounding us everyday we see that money equals power. What we also witness as a society, is that the more wealth acquired the more underlying corruption is involved. While taking Financial Accounting here at Sacred Heart University, I am learning how money that is earned and spent is recorded within a firm. An accountant within a firm has to be very exact with numbers in order to make the correct statements for the company. In reality, if the accounting department fails the entire firm fails. It is easy to see how companies manipulate their numbers in order to increase profit for themselves. Money equals power and the more money coming in, the more power hungry companies tend to get. The same principal happens†¦show more content†¦In the early 1990’s financial analysts studying Enron hypothesized that even though Enron was selling some of its major assets, they would begin to experience a great amount of debt. For example, Enron sold assets to a company called Azurix. Azurix was unable to live up to the standards that would financially benefit Enron and over a short amount of time, led to some major debts for Enron. This was happening with a lot of companies that Enron sold to and partnered up with. Over time, Enron started losing a significant amount of money and had to figure a way to quickly make it back. In 1990, COO Jeffery Skilling made a choice that would haunt him forever. Skilling hired Andrew Fastow to help with Enron’s financial dilemma. Fastow’s plan was for Enron to open up limited liability special purpose entities. This meant that Enron would open up an SPE to hide its debt and ownership so that on paper, Enron wasn’t claiming all of its losses. The true benefit of this was to maintain its stock price and to have the company appear to be growing, while in fact it was hiding from the world that it was collapsing (Seabury, Investopedia). After years of appearing to be growing financially, Enron was on top of the world. By the end of the 1990’s Enron was named Fortune’s, â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for in America† and â€Å"America’s Most Innovative Company†, six years in a row. Little did the public

20 Favorite Fire Science Projects

Review Of Coming Of Age - 1372 Words

Grace Liang Palshaw English I Honors 25 September 2014 Coming of age is a recurring theme that is universally known throughout many different pieces of literature. Whether it’s influenced on true experiences, childhood memories, or even based on one’s current juvenile reality, many of theses works have a correlation between them that include many similar ordeals and struggles that the character goes through in order to metamorphosize into taking their first step out of childhood. One prominent theme that often appears is how one goes through and experiences what life is really like-- in other words, being exposed to a time of tribulation and other walls that stand in one’s path. Additionally, another theme that is how they lose†¦show more content†¦In particular, the plot is about the development of one of the Greasers, Ponyboy Curtis, as he journeys down a path of self-discovery. In the beginning, Ponyboy’s series of struggles with unwanted violence began when he walks out from the movie house, only to be greeted by a gang of sneering Socs. Because the Socs think they are superior, they jump on the Greasers at every opportunity. On the way home, he notices a red Corvair filled with about five Socs, which then got out, cutting him off, surrounding Ponyboy as they â€Å"walked around slowly, silently, smiling† while he â€Å"stood there like a bump on a log†, expecting nothing but the absolute worst (4). Following these events, Ponyboy then finds himself on the ground after denying a haircut from the Socs. The greasers cannot afford rings, cars, or other physical trappings of power that the Socs enjoy. Consequently, they must resort to more affordable markers of identity. By wearing their hair in a specific style, greasers distinguish themselves from other social groups. Conservative cultural values of the 1960s called for men to keep their hair short, and the greaser style is a clear transgression of this social convention. It is not only distinctive, but, as a ph ysical characteristic, this hair is truly an organic part of the greaser persona. When the Socs jump Ponyboy at the beginning of the novel, they ask him if he wants a haircut and threaten to cut off his hair. By doing so, they would rob

Sarah Boone free essay sample

Sarah Boone was born on June 18, 1770, in Chalfont, New Britain. She was raised in Barks County, Pennsylvania. As a child, she received little education, but that didn’t stop her from succeeding in anything. Although she didn’t receive college education, she still helped make a world of a difference. On her trip to success, she met and later married a young man by the name of John Wilcoxin, also known as Wilcox, in 1742 in Lancaster, California. They were married for full sixty years until Mr. Wilcox’s death in 1802. Facts say that Sarah never invented the iron board, but she DID invent some improvements to the board. Her improvements included the recline board, to make it easier to store the ironing board away. However, she received her patent for the improvements to the iron board on April 26, 1792. She created this for all African women who needed help with ironing their clothing and getting the unbearable creases out of their dresses and husband’s sleeves for work. We will write a custom essay sample on Sarah Boone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She created this to help ease off the work. She became a hero for all black women around the United States, and was well known for this. One problem she had with this invention was the fact that all types of business people came to her for her invention, but she doesn’t have enough supplies, time or money to create them. When she finally gets the enough â€Å" STM†, she finally makes what everyone’s been wanting. She continued to create these amazing life changing supplements until her death in 1815, in Madison County Kentucky. Sarah Boone was the first African American woman to invent anything and receive a patent for it. Therefore she made a huge change in history. She had a huge dream something was going to happen and it eventually did and created an abstract level of skill in her years.

Panama Cannal Essays - Panama Canal, Gatun Dam, Culebra Cut, Canal

Panama Cannal The Panama Canal; A Shorter Trade Route. Jo Bob Running head :The Panama Canal; A Shorter Trade Route Abstract For centurys man has used water as way to get from one place to another very quickly. The Panama Canal is no exception. From around the start of the 16th century people have been trying to find a way to cut a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Many misfortunes and deaths have been sacrificed to obtain this goal. Finally in 1914 the American had completed one of the greatest feats of all time the Panama Canal, cutting a many months journey to nine hours. The Panama Canal; The Shorter Trade Route. Europeans had wanted of Central American canal as early as the 16thy century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of digging the cannel. As travel and trade in the Western Hemisphere increased the need for a canal grew increasingly more important. To sail from the Atlantic to the pacific, ships navigated around the Cape Horn. This was a long and very dangerous trip especially around the tip of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured more than 13000 miles and took months to complete. The canals construction was badly needed. History Of Canals A canal is an artificial waterway built for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply and drainage. Canals are usually connected with natural bodies of water or other canal. Canals have been used for thousands of years. They started out in early civilization in the middle east as a way to bring water to the city and to water their crops. In the 3rd century the Chinese began building canals, the longest of these early canals was more than 1000 miles long. Making it the longest artificial waterway in the world. (Britannica(no date)) Romans built huge canals mainly for military transport. By the twelfth century 85% of all Medieval European travel was by waterway.( Britannica(no date)) The greatest invention in canal construction came along 1373. The Dutch developed the pound lock system. The Lock system uses a series of chambers that can be flooded or drained so the ship can change elevation. This allowed canals to be built where elevation made it impossible. This brings us to the modern era of canal building and one of the greatest engineering feats of all time the Panama Canal. The French A French Developer Ferdinand de Lesseps believed that the Panama Canal could make lots of money for investors. The French cut a broad path through the jungle and on January 20, 1882 they commenced digging. They brought with them tons of modern equipment. They had steam shovels and locomotive and dredges. Their work crews were mostly black and Indian labors. In the first months, the digging proceeded slowly but steadily. Then the rain began and the French faced many dangers. The crew faced miles upon mile of impassable jungle, and very heavy rain. In the jungle they also faced insects, snakes, swamps, small pox, malaria, yellow fever, and flooding of the charges river. The Charges sakes across the canal route a total of fourteen times. The French dammed the river so they could drudge the canal but every time it would rain the river would swell and break the dams. It would sweep away workers, destroy equipment, and fill in the canal with sediment. If that wasnt enough the stagnate water that was formed, breaded large amount of deadly insects. Three out of four men hospitalized at the very modern Ancon hospital died. Finally in 1888 the project was abandoned and lots of French investors lost money. About $287,000,000 had been spent eleven miles of the canal had been dug and 20,000 men lost their lives.(Britannica(no date)) The canal remained unfinished but the dream had not yet died. Theodore Roosevelt would soon take up the cause. The Americans The strategic necessity and the desire of business men to have access to the Pacific market combined in the late 1890s to convince the president and Congress that a canal linking the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean was vital to Americans. The British government gave up its right to joint construction with The United States in 1901. The French company, which had tried unsuccessfully to dig the canal

Bondo, An Autobody Marval

Bondo, An Autobody Marval Free Online Research Papers Ever wonder what Bondo is, and how it works? Bondo is a complex mixture of tiny little shards of fiberglass or polyester, resin, and talcum powder. The fiberglass shards keep the compound as strong as OEM (original equipment manufacture) specification, the resin helps assure that the bond to the vehicle being repaired is as strong as it can be. The talcum powder keeps the material flowing smooth. Talcum unfortunately though, absorbs moisture and that is why the fillers absorb water. Which is why its so important that the bondo be completely dried before its exposed to the elements. The main solvent in the filler is styrene, which is supposed to vaporize as the mixture cures. Body fillers are thermal-set plastics. That is, they cure with heat, created by the chemical reaction between the filler and the catalyst, and become hard and stable, usually within a few minutes. Too much hardener will cause the cured material to become brittle and crack, and also create bubbles that trap the styrene gas. While too little delays a cure almost indefinitely, and usually needs ground out and reapplied. Temperature is very critical to exothermic (the fancy, scientific name for catalyst-induced heat. =) reactions. In fact, curing is dramatically slowed below a 64-degree temperature, to the point that it can easily take several days to become fully hardened. The best temperature to use filler is between 70-80 degrees, and that includes the metal that you are applying the filler too. If the metal is cold, the mixture will cure from the outside in, trapping moisture against the cold metal surface, creating rust pits. It can also trap unvaporized solvent, which could come back later to haunt you if you paint over it too soon, because you will end up getting fish eyes in the paint. Mixing the filler on cardboard is not a great idea, since the paper itself will absorb some of the styrene solvent and upset the chemistry. Also, the styrene will release any trapped chemicals in the cardboard, so unless you know precisely where the material came from and how it was handled, use a clean sheet of plexy-glass or plastic or freezer paper on a wooden board. The smoother the metal, the less perfect the adhesion will be, which is why the instructions always tell you to rough-sand the metal surface. Those scratches allow the Bondo to stick very well and for a very long time, assuming there is no rust layer. If there is a layer of rust, the bondo, or whatever kind of filler you use will separate and end up falling off. To help prevent this from happening, it is always best to completely grind or cut out and replace any rusted parts where the bondo is to be applied. Since fillers stick best to metal, it makes sense that spreading them over metal with primer already applied probably will lead to separation later. That is true, but if the surface is still scratched and rough, the filler will tend to stick extremely well. If you use an etching primer you must make sure it is properly cured before using filler. Otherwise, the phosphoric acid vapors left over from the application of paint can slow down the cure of the filler resin. Making sure the damaged area is clean of solvents of any kind, such as degreaser or tar remover to promote a good strong bond. The recommended depth for perfect bonding is 1/8th inch deep, but it varies, if applied right it can be layered up to 1/4 inch thick and not crack or separate for years, yet if its not applied right, even 1/8th inch skim coat can crack after the first few months. After the first rough coat is applied, let it dry for approximately thirty to forty minutes before sanding. Keep in mind that the first coat is only to shape the project back to its original form, and that you will need at the very least one more skim coat to make it perfect. Once the first coat has been sanded to the desired level, clean the area with an air powered blowgun with a psi rating of no more than 110. Wipe paper towels with 320 type paint reducer or a tack cloth, you should never use lacquer thinner over bondo because the talcum powder will absorb the harsh liquid ruining the paint. Unlike lacquer thinner, 320-type paint reducer vaporizes almost instantly making it safe to use on bondo or other surfaces that are ready for paint. Now that it is clean, you are ready to apply the final skim coat. Skim coats are only to help fade in the bondo to the paint and are never supposed to be thicker than 1/8 in. max. Okay sanding for the last time with 400 grit sand paper usually doe s the trick, any sand scratches left from 400 grit will be filled in with the first coat of primmer. Time to paint; if you did it, right nobody will ever even know that there is bondo on the car. There is one way to test for bondo but the only way it works is if the bondo is thicker than it should be, try taking a magnet and running it over a car, (be careful not to scratch the paint) and if the magnet wont stick, then theres probably bondo there. If done right, bondo can save you hundreds of dollars because you wont have to buy a brand new fender just to fix a dent you got at your local Wal-Mart. Research Papers on Bondo, An Autobody MarvalRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Spring and AutumnThe Hockey GameMind TravelGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementOpen Architechture a white paper

Cyber Journalism (See detail) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cyber Journalism (See detail) - Research Paper Example The only difference today is that the cyberjournalist answers directly to their audience, rather than to a publisher who traditionally held journalists responsible for reporting ethically. Yet, there is no consensus among publishers as to what is ethical. In the end, ethics are the responsibility of the cyberjournalist and the audience. You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving†¦Screen The original phrase, from a book by Howard Zinn, was â€Å"You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train.† Cyberjournalism is like a high-speed rail that moves so fast and is so personal that it isn’t possible to be neutral. The bigger question is whether we should even try, in spite of the fact that western society often assumes that all journalists are bound to neutrality when, nearly a century ago, Henry Luce, founder of Time magazine insisted that very concept objectivity was foolish (Ward, 2006). He contended that the public needed the media to explain and interpret the impact of events on their lives. Yet, we insist that it is true and to be expected of the press, regardless of medium. With the speed of cyberspace, it is difficult, if not impossible to be neutral. By the time the 1960’s arrived, Americans had become distrustful of such clarifications on their behalf adding a twist to Luce’s view: that no one can be objective. They public wanted to see the bare facts and decide for themselves what they meant (Ward). Youth no longer trusted the media with full-disclosure, even in supposedly free countries. When Chicagoan Justin Hall began blogging in 2004, many of the new blogging generation embraced the concept of taking news into their own hands –after all, they were the children and grandchildren of the children of the 1960’s generation. America was ready. Evolution–Or More of the Same? Beyond the big cities that claim the largest share of the journalism world, the rest of the United States already knew what citizen journ alism was long before cyberjournalism. For more than a century and a half—long before Time magazine hit the newsstands—local citizens had been writing columns about who had dinner at whose house last Sunday night, or which church was gearing up for the next ice cream social. That was citizen journalism. Even back then, reporters often wrote under a pseudonym like â€Å"Gomper’s Corner’s Gertie,† a precursor to the userids of bloggers like Duncan Bowen Black who blogs at Atrios on at Eschatonblog.com. Like any citizen journalist, Atrios is a citizen of the world he writes about: economics. Over the years, we have come to assume that reporters are somehow sanctioned by having earned a degree from a school of journalism. Neither â€Å"Gomper’s Corner’s Gertie† nor Atrios have a degree in journalis

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 2

Strategic Management - Essay Example However, a different extension is noticed when the water is placed to heat gradually when the frog may fail to realize the changes in temperature and be boiled to death. The inference developed in the aspect explains that there is the need to identify leading threats to the sustenance of progress at an earlier stage, when the adjustments can be offered as compared to finding solutions to the problem when its impacts have been felt. Moreover, the advice is offered that the reaction level and sensitivity should be based on identifying minimal changes that may accumulate to lead to threats (David 34). In business, the relation is accorded to organizations that fail to recognize threats to their missions at earlier stages and only articulate solutions to already recurrent problems. Most businesses focus on delivering satisfaction to the consumers failing to focus on the competitors who are the chief threats to their sustenance in the market. The relation of consumers and competitors is i ndicated in the failure for buyers to maintain loyalty in the case that the competitor holds better service than the organization. Early planning eradicates the problem and creates better businesses based on the desire to meet expectations in goal achievement (Polynice). The boiled frog scenario is included to depict the situation where the affected organization failed to identify the problem in due time, and make the adjustments needed in saving the business. The example is included in the failure of the dotcom businesses in failing to acknowledge the shrinking markets (Majumdar). This move would witness these companies fail to achieve their motive and yield failure with improper measures to curb threats to the goal achievement. The retail company had established the dominance within the market as the preference among the consumers. This led to the employment of added employee number in the workforce and developed the ideology of marketing using the top selling brands. The majority of the focus had been based on marketing the top lines, neglecting the other products. The operations of retail failed to be affected until the slowdown when the management realized the mistakes ad challenges offered. The solution that had been offered by management to satisfy the employees had been through asking them to pick groceries from stores instead of their salary. The solution failed since the stock had been empty since the suppliers failed to deliver products with their problems in payment. The employees eventually lost their positions in the company and the eminent closure followed. The business could have solved the problem trough providing the focus needed in developing all product lines in the store, and maximizing on the available stock rather than focus on the leading products. This is the case where the frog could have identified the dangers of the slowly boiling water and jumped out to avoid the eminent murder. Comment to Post The post confirms the boiled frog the ory and offers the example in September 11 attacks, that saw the U.S. government challenged for the failure of offering solution to the terrorism threat. This saw the repercussions in a massive attack that saw the demise of hundreds of citizens who depended on their government for security. The post assures that without the proper preparations to predict dangers, the result would

Contract Laws In China and America Essay Example for Free

Contract Laws In China and America Essay I.Concepts and Features of Contract and Contract Law I.Concepts A.Concept and Features of Contract 1. Concept of Contract According to the provision of Article 2 of the Contract Law of Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Contract Law), contract is the agreement in which natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal status declare a common intention to establish, alter and terminate civil rights and obligations. Contract was once divided into agreement and contract. Agreement refers to the civil legal act established by both parties consensus with regard to opposite intentions, such as sales agreement. Contract refers to the civil legal act established by two or above three parties’ consensus with regard to collateral intentions, such as partnership contract. However, such division can no longer be seen in our current laws and the two are collectively referred to as contract. Contract has its broad and narrow meanings. In the broad sense, contract refers to all agreements generating rights and obligations, such as labor contract, administrative contract, civil contract, etc. Furthermore, civil contract may also be divided into creditor’s right contract, real right contract, intellectual property contract, identity contract, personality right contract, etc. In the narrow sense, contract refers to the agreement for involved parties with equal status to establish, alter and/or terminate civil rights and obligations. The contract adjusted by the contract law is generally confined to the contract of creditor’s right, real right and/or intellectual property, etc. 2. Features of Contract It can be seen from the concept of contract contract is the agreement in which natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal status declare a common intention to establish, alter and terminate civil rights and obligations that, contract has the following legal features: Contract is a kind of civil legal act implemented by natural persons, legal persons and/or other organizations with equal status. As the most important legal fact, civil legal act is the lawful act implemented by civil subjects, which can generate, alter or terminate civil right and obligations. Since contract is a kind of civil legal act, it is different from fact behavior in nature. Fact behavior refers to the act which does not take the declaration of intention as an essential condition and cannot generate the legal effect expected by the party involved, such as infringing act, picking up lost property, etc. In nature, contract as the civil legal act belongs to lawful act. That is to say, only under the circumstance that the declaration of intention made by the contracting parties is lawful, the contract is legally binding and protected by national laws. On the contrary, in case contracting parties make illicit declaration of intention, the agreement, even already reached, may not have the effect as a contract. As contract is a kind of civil legal act, general regulations of civil law concerning civil legal acts, such as essential condition of civil legal act, the ineffectiveness and revocation of civil act, are all applicable to contract. 3 Contract is the civil legal act in which two or more parties declare a common intention. The establishment of a contract shall have two or more parties who declare intention to each other and achieve a consensus. If such declared intentions are not consistent, no contract will be formed. Even though â€Å"one party cheats or threats or take advantage of the other party’s precarious situation to make such other party to conclude a contract which violates its real intention†, the party suffering damages is entitled to request people’s court or arbitration agency to alter or revoke the contract (Article 54.2 of the Contract Law. For similar notes cited in the following text, Contract Law will be omitted). Contract is the civil legal act with a view to establishing, altering and terminating civil rights and obligations. Establishing civil rights and obligations refers to that after parties involved conclude the contract pursuant to the law, civil rights and obligations thus emerge between; altering civil rights and obligations refers to that after parties involved conclude the contract pursuant to the law, the previous civil rights and obligations between them is changed and new civil rights and obligations are formed; terminating civil rights and obligations refers to that after parties involved conclude the contract pursuant to the law, the civil rights and obligations previously existing between them are abolished. â‘ £Contract is a civil legal relationship generated on an equal and voluntary basis by parties involved. That is to say, the subjects concluding the contract have equal legal status and no party may impose its will on the other party. â€Å"Parties of a contract have equal legal status and one party may not impose its will on the other party† (Article 3); â€Å"Parties have the right to conclude a contract voluntarily according to law and no unit or individual may intervene illegally† (Article 4). â‘ ¤Contract is the civil legal act which is legally binding. â€Å"The contract concluded according to law is legally binding upon parties involved. Parties shall perform their obligations as agreed and may not alter or terminate the contract with no consent†; â€Å"The contract concluded according to law is protected by law† (Article 8). Unless otherwise specified by law such as force majeure, the party who fails to perform the contract or whose performance of obligations does not conform to that prescribed in the contract shall assume the liabilities for breach of the contract to continue to perform the contract, adopt remedial measures or compensate losses. B. Concept and Features of Contract Law 1. Concept of Contract Law Generally speaking, the concept of contract law may be comprehended in the broad and narrow sense. In the narrow sense, given contract is the consensus of parties to the contract in nature, contract law is deemed as the law implementing the promise and agreement of parties involved. â€Å"The core of contract law is the exchange of promise†. However, the concept of contract law in the narrow sense confines the contract law to normalizing the establishment, effectiveness, performance and default liability of the contract, but excluding the non-establishment, ineffectiveness and revocation thereof. Therefore, the scope contained is not comprehensive. Just as Bayless stated, â€Å"The contract law pays attention not only to enforceable contracts and   agreements, but to adjusting the result of no contract or agreement concluded†. Therefore, the concept of contract law in the narrow sense is not suitable to apply. The concept of contract law in the broad sense proceeds from the object normalized thereby, namely the transaction relation, and defines the contract law as â€Å"the law relating to the individual transfer of property or labor service†. Most scholars in our country also consider that contract law is the law adjusting the dynamic property relations. Both contract law and real right law adjust the property relations, however, â€Å"the real right law stipulates and adjusts the static state of property relation while the contract law stipulates and adjusts the dynamic state of property relation†. Given that the contract law comprehensively adjusts the transaction relation and the establishment of a contract equals to the formation of a transaction, the performance, alteration, cancellation and termination of the contract constitute the transaction process. Consequently, it’s necessary for the contract law to stipulate the procedures to conclude the contract by parties involved, ineffectiveness and revocation of the contract, remedies upon the failure or part failure to perform the contract, various specific contracts, etc. In a word, any and all transaction relations may be adjusted by the contract law. The definition of contract law as the law adjusting the transaction relation precisely summarizes the nature and fu nctions of the contract law. 2. Features of Contract Law The contract law takes adjusting the transaction relation as its content and is applicable to various civil contracts, which determines the contract law has the features different from those in other departments of civil law (such as personality right law). These features are: Contract law has strong randomicity. Under the condition of market economy, the transaction development and property growth require the market subjects to be independent and fully express their wills. Laws shall leave broad space for the transaction activities of market subject and the intervention of government in economic activities shall be limited to the extent prescribed in the contract. The requirements put forward by the market economy against the law which endow parties with freedom to act as far as possible are thoroughly expressed in the contract. Therefore, the contract law mainly regulates the transaction through random norms rather than mandatory norms. For example, though the contract law stipulates various contracts with certain titles, it does not necessarily require parties to design the contract content precisely in accordance with the provisions prescribed in law concerning the contract with certain title, but parties may negotiate to determine the contract articles freely. As long as the articles negotiated by parties don’t violate the prohibitive regulations of laws, social public interest or public morality, the effect of the contract is acknowledged by law. Notwithstanding law stipulates the contracts with certain titles, parties are not prohibited from creating new contract forms. Although the form to establish a contract is stipulated by law, unless otherwise specially prescribed about the contract form, parties are allowed to freely choose the contract form in principle. In short, a majority of norms of the contract law may be altered by parties through agreements. The contract law also takes the freedom of contract as its basic principle; therefore, the contract law can be called as law at will in this connection. â‘ ¡Contract law emphasized the principle of consultation on an equal footing and compensation of equal value The object normalized by the contract law is transaction relation, which requires the principle of consultation on an equal footing and compensation of equal value in nature. Just as Marx indicated, the commodity is â€Å"equal by nature†. In the exchange of commodities, â€Å"only the owners of commodities with equal status stand at opposite sides, and the means of occupying others’ commodities may only be used to alienate their own commodities.† The exchange of commodities inevitably requires conforming to the law of value so as to carry out the exchange of equivalent labor, which determines that the contract law attaches more importance to the principle of consultation on an equal footing and compensation of equal value than other laws of civil law. â‘ ¢Contract law is a uniform property law. Market economy is an open economy, which demands for the integration of domestic market with international market, domestic trade and international trade. As the basic law of the market economy, the contract law should not only reflect the requirements for a uniform market with a set of uniform rules, but also integrate with international conventions. â‘ £Contract law is the law producing social wealth. Market economy is a developed credit economy, with all credit systems established on the basis of contract relations. A developed credit economy needs promise and agreement. At the same time, the more solid and universal the promise and agreement are, the more developed the credit economy is. II. Comparison of Development History and Textural Difference between Chinese and American Contract Laws A. Different Development Histories of Contract Legal Systems in China and US 1. Emergence of Contract and Contract Law Contract is the result of commodity economy, which emerges along with the emergence of commodity economy and develops along with the development of commodity economy. The contract law is accompanied with the emergence and development of the contract. In later period of clan society, due to the emergence and accumulation of private property, the exchange of products among people was becoming increasingly extensive and certain rules came into shape gradually. In the beginning, these rules were guaranteed by oaths, customs and other ways. When the oaths, customs and other ways were incapable to guarantee the implementation of trading rules, the social community emerging as the times required (organ of state power) thus formulated legal norms to supersede the foregoing. The earliest contract law of human society was developed from customs, so it’s called as customary law. However, the continuous development of society, especially the development and change of social   imbalance, made the customs different in various regions and groups, which resulted in customs here and now being inconsistent with those there and then, thus leading to transaction disputes. This determined that the written law would gradually substitute the customary law. The Code of Hammurabi promulgated by ancient Babylonian Empire in the 18th century BC is the most ancient and most well-preserved written law discovered so far in the whole world, which has 282 articles in total, among which over 120 stipulates contract norms directly. The Twelve Tables and Corpus Juris Civilis promulgated by ancient Rome have more complete legal norms about contract, acting as the most complete and typical law reflecting the production and exchange of commodities among ancient laws and playing an important role in the legislation of capitalist countries in later ages. The French Civil Code in 1804 was based on Roman law. The civil laws in European countries, except Britain, mostly originated from Roman law and formed the so-called â€Å"Roman Law System†. Along with the colonial expansion of these countries, the impact of Roman law was further extended to more regions of the world. After the Second World War, the contract law of early modern period was properly modified to become the modern contract law. 2. Development History of China’s Contract Law The ancient laws in our country had some regulations about the contract. According to the records of Rites of Zhou, there appeared written contracts such as â€Å"panshu (bamboo or wooden slips on which the texts of borrow and loan are written)†, â€Å"zhiji (sales contract)†, â€Å"fubie (borrow and loan contract)† in Zhou Dynasty. â€Å"Where any party asks for the government authority to deal with any dispute arising from debt borrow and loan, the case may only be accepted with the â€Å"panshu† previously co ncluded present†. â€Å"Where any dispute arises from a borrow and loan contract, the official in charge of trying such dispute should make a judgment according to the articles specified in fubie†. â€Å"Where any dispute arises from a sales contract, the official in charge of trying such dispute should make an award according to the articles specified in zhiji†. All these written contracts were main basis for government authorities to judge right and wrong and determine the debt liabilities. In the following dynasties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, laws had several regulations about contract and contract system. However, in ancient times, our country was always with the agricultural economy which was self-sufficient and self-supporting, and the commodity economy was not developed. As a result, the norms of contract law centering on trading rules was also not developed, with no specialized civil code. Even in the collection of various laws such as Tang Code and Great Qing Legal Code, articles pertaining to contract and contract system are also rarely seen. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, the contract law of our country has achieved significant development. In the initial stage of new China, the Financial and Economic Committee of the Government Administration Council under Central People’s Government promulgated the Interim Measures for Organs, State-owned Enterprises and Cooperative societies to Conclude Contracts or Agreements on September 27, 1950, and the Trade Department formulated the Decision Pertaining to Earnestly Concluding Contracts and Strictly Implementing Contracts as well as the norms relating to various specific contracts such as sales contract and contract labor agreement of capital construction in the same year, all of which ascertain the legal norms of contract system and contract in the new China. Needless to say, due to the impact of wrong course and wrong trend of thought, the legal nihilism was rampant and the contract system was once cancelled in late 50s. Especially in the period of the â€Å"Great Cultural Revolution†, all the contract systems, relevant laws and regulations were discarded. In the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the wrong policy of â€Å"taking the class struggle as the outline† was abandoned, the focus of work of the Party and the nation was shifted to developing economy, and the strategic decision of reform and opening up to the outside world was made in the session. All of these opened up a promising prospect for the development of contract legislation . The Economic Contract Law, Economic Contract Law Involving Foreign Interest and Technology Contract Law were successively approved by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on December 13, 1981, March 21, 1985 and June 23, 1987. It is especially worth mentioning that the General Principles of the Civil Law approved in the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress explicitly regulates the system of civil rights and the system of civil liabilities, playing a very important role in perfecting the system of contract laws in our country. Through more than a decade’s legislation, our country has formed the legal system of contract laws which is guided by the General Principles of the Civil Law, backboned with Economic Contract Law, Economic Contract Law Involving Foreign Interest and Technology Contract Law, and based on the contract norms in specialized laws such as Maritime Law, Civil Aviation Law and Copyright Law and a set of administ rative laws and regulations normalizing contracts. All these laws have greatly promoted the economic development and the establishment and development of socialist market economy in our country. However, along with the establishment and development of socialist market economy, this legal system gradually presented new defects. In order to adapt to the requirements of economic construction and development, it’s necessary to proceed from the actual situations of our country, summarize the experience of ten years’ contract legislation and borrow general international practices to formulate a uniform and relatively complete contract law. On October 1993, the Commission of Legislative Affairs of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress embarked on drafting the contract law on the basis of the legislation program approved in the Eighth Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. According to the advice from all sources, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress further modified the draft for many times to form the Contract Law of People’s Republic of China (Draft) and submitted it to the Second Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress for deliberation. Through serious and earnest deliberation by people’s representatives, this important law was finally approved on March 15, 1999, which is a glorious page in the legislation history of the Republic, marking that the legislation of our country’s socialist market economy is ushering a new phase. 3. Development History of American Contract Law As a whole, the American laws are developed on the basis of inheriting British laws. Although American laws are influenced by British laws at different levels in different fields, the contract rules formed in the British common law and equity law have a significant impact on American contract law. Therefore, when investigating the historical evolution of American contract law, it’s necessary to review the early development history of British contract law. a. Lawsuit of Promise in Early Britain In the medieval period, British law had not formed the concept of contract. The earliest to emerge was the so-called lawsuit of promise, namely, when the promisor violated his/her promise, the promisee might file a lawsuit with the court to force the promisor to implement the promise. The principle pursued by common court when trying such lawsuit was: only making a promise cannot generate a right of action; under normal conditions, promise doesn’t have the effect of compulsory ex ecution, exceptional situations excluded. In contrast to the practice of common court as mentioned above, other courts showed more active attitude towards accepting the lawsuit of promise. First of all, ecclesiastical court regarded the promise with oath as an irreversible one according to canon law and rendered the implementation. Secondly, in the court of equity, the Chancellor decided that since one party suffered loss because of the other party’ failure to perform his/her promise, such party shall obtain the compensation. However, till the 16th century AD, common court won the battle with the court of equity and ecclesiastical court striving for jurisdiction. In this process, the jurisdiction of common court was increasingly enlarged and the common law became the main part of British law. The opportunity for the contract law to develop through the judgments of ecclesiastical court and court of equity was always limited. From the 15th to the 16th century, along with the development of the relations of commodity production within the feudal society, to develop a kind of general basis for enforceable promise within the previous lawsuit procedures of common law was the urgent task to be resolved which was confronted by common court. At the beginning, common court just confirmed more exceptional situations under which the promise may be executed mandatorily. However, this didn’t change the basic principle that promise doesn’t have the effect of compulsory execution under normal conditions. Since the second half of the 12th century, common court started to confirm the enforceable effect of sealed covenant, which was a kind of written promise with a seal on. Some people considered, if common court could loosen its requirements about the form of this written document, such document may also be mandatorily executed even with no seal on. The existence of such covenant might become the general basis of the compulsory execution of promise, while till the 14th century, this possibility disappeared. Common court considered, the seal not only proved that one party had already made a promise, but also indicated that the promisor had seriously expressed that he/she would perform the promise for the promisee. Therefore, a covenant which was not sealed couldn’t be compulsorily executed. At the end of the 12th century, common court started to confirm the debt of a borrow and loan relation as the cause of action: In case one person borrowed an   amount of money from another person, the borrower should pay back the money to the lender. If not, the lender might file a lawsuit with the court to force the borrower to pay back money. Later on, common court further expanded the scope of lawsuit of debt repayment: Once a person granted a kind of material interest to another person, such person might lodge a lawsuit of debt r epayment against the latter one, no matter the interest provided was a valuable thing or personal service. However, the existence of such debt also didn’t become the general basis of the compulsory execution of promise for this debt was only confined to the interest which was already granted to others. If a promisee just accepted a promise from the promisor while obtained no actual interest from the promisor, he still couldn’t lodge a lawsuit of debt repayment. In the beginning of the 15th century, common court developed such a principle in its judgment: If someone made a promise of undertaking some kind of obligation to another one, and the promisee suffered damages in the process of the promisor’s performance of the obligation, the promisee might lodge a lawsuit to require the promisor to compensate. This is called the Action of Assumpsit for Misfeasance, whose basis was the theory of law of torts then already approved. In this kind of lawsuit, if the promisor didn’t perform the obligation it undertook, the promisee couldn’t obtain the remedy. In the second half of the 15th century, the judges of common court realized that, in order to win the battle for jurisdiction with other courts, the scope of lawsuit of commitment must be expanded. New legal precedent rule in this period was: If the promisor changed his status due to his dependence on the promise and the non-performance of the promisor made the promisee suffer damages, the promisee might also obtain the remedy. Till the 16th century, the previous scope of lawsuit of commitment was newly expanded, namely, when two persons made promises to each other and the promise of one party constituted the transaction object promised by the other person, even if no party of the two performed his obligation, the promise to be carried out shall have the effect of compulsory execution. The reason to adopt such rule was that, once the promise was made, the promisee has an expectation for the implementation of the promise, which should be protected, even if the promisee didnt perform the corresponding obligation, nor suffered â€Å"damages†. Generally speaking, the 17th and the 18th centuries were the period during which British contract law slowly developed. b. Evolution of American Contract Law in Modern Society The American historian Henry Maine said in 1861 that, â€Å"till now, the movement of this developing society has always been a movement from identity to contract.† This sentence indicates the profound revolution undergone by western society from the feudal times of middle ages to the times of â€Å"laissez-faire capitalism†: In the feudal society, human relation was determined by their identity; in the period of â€Å"laissez-faire capitalism†, human relation was determined by the agreement reached between them. The whole 19th c entury is regarded as the century of contract by western historians. The United States, just independent from the colonial domination of the Great Britain, entered in such a century soon after its establishment. In this period, main systems of British and American contract laws were both confirmed. With regard to the main body, American contract law remained consistent with British contract law. In this period, the consistency of American contract law with that of western countries was: The contract concluded by parties involved was generally considered as having the effect of compulsory execution. Once confirmed, such effect shall become absolute, and may not be changed by state will. In the second half of the 19th century, as the laissez-faire economy developed toward an extreme orientation, to safeguard individuals right to freely conclude contracts had become the primary goal of laws. In the eyes of Americans at that time, â€Å"in nature, justice is to safeguard lawful contracts†. The freedom of contract in the 19th century gave a full display of personal â€Å"independent will† and made private economy taking the â€Å"struggle for existence† as the motive power obtain rapid development with no government restraint and intervention. However, in late 19th century and early 20th century, the defects caused by this unlimited freedom of contract had fully appeared. In this period, contract laws of western countries underwent a new round of modification. The result was, the previous social movement â€Å"from identity to contract† started to turn to the social movement â€Å"from contract to identity†. In the US, since this century, especially since the Roosevelt’s New Deal in the 30’s, personal freedom of contract has received more and more restrictions. Today, the â€Å"identity† is playing an important role in determining the relation of rights and obligations among people for the second time: Workers are protected by â€Å"workers compensation law† due to their identity, and the article of employment contract preventing the employer from undertaking the compensation liability for industrial accidents is no longer legally binding. Similarly, the lessee of rental agreement, the insurer of insurance contract and the demanders of various contracts of public service are all protected by certain laws due to their special identities. It can be seen from the aforementioned change that, in modern American contract law, to provide special legal protection for the vulnerable party of a transaction has already become a consistent policy. Another feature displayed by American contract law in the process of its modern development and evolution is that, the impact of traditional British common law and systems and principles of other laws is decreasing, which is fully reflected from the fact that the Uniform Commercial Code abandoned and modified the traditional system of British contract law. B. Textual Difference and its Reasons between Chinese and American Contract Law Systems Given the development history of contract and the difference between Chinese and American political systems, there are following features when comparing Chinese contract law with American contract law: First, the contract law in our country is a uniform contract law applicable to all regions of China, whether in capital Beijing or western provinces. Second, this contract law is drafted with a round axis structure. Basic principles  are firstly stipulated, and then some specific contracts, such as sales contract, lease contract, etc. In this way, the basic principles are regarded as the axis, and many specific contracts are radiated to satisfy different transaction requirements. For example, the transport contract has the problem which cannot be covered by basic principles. This problem can be resolved by combining the axis and the excircle. American political system is different from Chinese political system, and the development history of American contract law is also different. In America, it’s impossible for the legislative body to approve a law with the two features as mentioned above. America has no uniform contract law, nor state contract law. The international contract laws, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and New York Arbitration Treaty are commonly used in all used in the whole United States. However, with regard to the contract among American individuals, no law is promulgated by the federation. Consequently, there is no federal legislation with a round axis structure in America. Basically, each state has its own contract law and is responsible for developing basic principles of such law. The contract law of one state is not only applicable to the court of the state, but also binding on the federal court sometimes. In other words, as long as the state contract law exists, the federal court shall apply it. Of course, when 50 different contract laws are adjusting the same legal fact, the court will be confronted with a problem, namely, how to achieve the consistency of application of law? It’s also necessary to notice that American contract law is developed by the court rather than the legislative organ. You must be familiar with the concept of common law, which was formed in Britain and then introduced to America. The contract concept of the common law is formed th rough a long time. Their judges make the judgment and give opinions on the judgment. Now, in this connection, the greatest exception is the UCC. American UCC is a uniform law. In America, every state has its own laws, but these laws cannot cover all transactions. Some are involved with transaction of several properties, such as the transaction and lease of products and some are related to bank business, security trading, e-commerce, etc. However, the construction contract and real estate contract are adjusted by commercial law. Since different state laws may result in different court judgments, if the Congress can approve a law with the round axis structure, these problems will be soon resolved, because doing that can get all transactions under the adjustment of one law. C. Summary The development histories of Chinese and American contract law systems are different. Chinese culture has a long history and the contract law system was born very early. On the contrary, the US is a new country breaking away from the colonization. Although American economy is developing rapidly, its legal systems are mainly inherited from the Britain; especially the American contract law is significantly influenced by the contract rules formed in Britain common law and equity law. In short, China has a uniform contract law applicable to the whole nation, while America has no uniform contract code other than international contract laws. In addition, the difference of Chinese and American political systems leads to a great difference in the textural structures of Chinese and American contract law   systems: Chinese contract law system is based on basic principles which guides various specific contract law systems so as to form a complete set, while America has neither guidance of basic principles in the contract law nor uniform contract law applicable to the whole nation. All in all, the development history and political system of a country influence its legal system. III. Conclusion The economic globalization and political polarization are two trends of the world development. Since China has joined the WTO, how to coordinate our laws is the central issue in the field of law. Nowadays, the world has ushered in the era of knowledge economy and the advancement of science and technology is crucial to the economic development. However, the development of economy as well as the development, transfer and application of technology will inevitably require reforming the traditional contract law system. Some countries have already been reforming the current contract law systems quietly. The birth of China’s new Contract Law is confronted with the era of knowledge economy rather than that of planned economy or the transitional period from planned economy to market economy. The development of science and technology in the era of knowledge economy is so vigorous that it’s probable that difficulties in application will soon emerge after the implementation of new contract law, or even some regulations are already outdated. This situation may be considered as normal because law is the superstructure, which is always behind the economic development. Therefore, any law has to be continuously reformed and perfected. Bibliography 1. http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com 2. Wilmot et al, 2009, Contract Law, Third Edition, Oxford University Press 3. Ewan McKendrick, Contract Law Text, Cases and Materials (2005) Oxford University Press 4. P.S. Atiyah, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (1979) Clarendon Press 5. Randy E. Barnett, Contracts (2003) Aspen Publishers 6. Scott Fruehwald, Reciprocal Altruism as the Basis for Contract, 47 University of Louisville Law Review 489 (2009).

OVERVIEW OF LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE :: essays research papers

27 Jan 2002 OVERVIEW OF LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE Intelligence collecting and analyzing have been around since even Biblical times and is often referred to as the second oldest profession. Since the early 1900s, law enforcement officials have begun to utilize the value of the intelligence collection methods. One of the first well-known uses of intelligence by law enforcement was during the â€Å"Black Hand† investigations, which lasted from 1905 to 1909. The investigations resulted in the deportation of 500 people and arrest of thousands of others. In the 1920s and 1930s, intelligence was used to collect information on citizens thought to be anarchists and mobsters, and by the 1940s and 1950s; law enforcement agencies began to utilize intelligence methods in the fight against organized crime. By 1967, the President’s Commission on Organized Crime helped to develop the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO). In 1986, the heads of five Mafia families were convicted of violating the RICO. Other types of activities that intelligence is used against are outlaw motorcycle gangs, Russian and Asian organized crime, and street gangs. Some of the duties that fall under the intelligence process for law enforcement are collection, evaluation, integration, and dissemination. Intelligence analysts can assist in investigation or prosecution as well. One of the main problems that analysts seem to be having in the law enforcement field is first getting into the job and then, once they are working, making it up to the higher-level management positions. Many have confused information with intelligence. Information is only raw data, while intelligence is a process of changing this raw data into useable information in order to draw conclusions about unknown events in the past, present, or future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The different types of intelligence collection and analyzing methods are termed â€Å"disciplines†. There are five different types of disciplines: Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Measures and Signals Intelligence (MASINT), Human Intelligence (HUMINT), and Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). These five disciplines are what compiles the raw information data that intelligence analysts use to draw conclusions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IMINT is the method of using pictures to draw information. The pictures can be taken as electro-optical, infrared, radar, or multi-spectral. The greatest advantage is that a picture can speak a thousand words. A disadvantage is that a picture is a moment frozen in time, and the information may change after the snapshot is taken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SIGINT is the method of taking information from transmissions. Within SIGINT there are three categories as well: Communications Intelligence (COMINT), Telemetry Intelligence (TELINT), and Electronic Intelligence (ELINT).

Education in America vs. Education in Third World Countries

Education in America vs. Education in Third World Countries A few weeks ago, I was walking downtown, when this random came up to me and said â€Å"You in school? That’s good, that’s good. Education is important. † From the state of her hair and clothes, and the smell of her breath, I assumed she was homeless. I didn’t really pay much attention to her, because homeless people are so common in downtown Atlanta. I was just hoping that she wasn’t going to ask me for any money! After a while, I started thinking about what the homeless woman had said; â€Å"Education is important. Growing up, I had always been taught that people who lived in the streets had been afforded the same opportunities as I had, but they had simply chosen to ignore them. So, if this woman had basically thrown away her life, why was she here preaching to me that education was important? How far had she gotten with her education? Was she like my great-grandmother, and lacked the sk ills to read and write? Literacy isn’t something that I spend a lot of time thinking about, mainly because all of the people that I surround myself and the people they surround themselves with are all capable of reading at proficient levels.Of course, I was always aware that some people had disabilities that made it harder to read, like dyslexia, but it never occurred to me that some of them allowed for the hindrance to completely turn them off to reading. Is it possible that I have been taking my literacy skills for granted? In this paper, I plan to explore literacy in America, and how it compares to the value other nations put on literacy and even our own country before public schools were instituted. Being literate is defined as any person over the age of 15 that can read and write.The United States had a literacy rate of 99% in the year 2003, according to the CIA census. 99%; almost our entire population is capable of reading and writing at a proficient level. Who does th e least 1% represent? The homeless? Or the dyslexic people who are too embarrassed to admit they need help reading? Every person in America is offered the opportunity to receive an education, admittedly some educations are not the same quality as others, but everyone is definitely offered an education.While 99% of the country is literate, a test conducted by National Assessment of Adult Literacy 14% of US residents have increased difficulty reading at their level. According to the afore stated definition, these people can be classified as illiterate, because they don’t met the standards of what is considered literate, since they have difficulty reading at their proficiency level. Is the lack of literacy due to lack of focus in class while the foundation for reading and writing were being laid, or does 1% of the United States Population that are classified as illiterate completely comprised of people who live with dyslexia?I can’t imagine that the government would knowi ngly incorporate people with documented learning disabilities when it comes time to calculate our nation’s literacy rate. That would be almost intentionally miscuing the results, because you’re including people who have hindrances that keep them from reading and writing at a level equal with their age. It’s also just downright insulting. Can you imagine not only having the s disability that makes you work twice as hard, but to be called illiterate for something you have no control over?Centuries ago, the idea of being able to read and write was a mere parlor dream among the majority of our population. The skill was reserved only for the kings and queens and the other extremely wealthy people of that time period. The commoners who truly wanted a better life for their children would probably have sold everything they owned if it meant their child would have the opportunity to learn to read and write. In today’s society, however, such sacrifices are not nece ssary to make. Our government ensures that an education is made ready to every child in the country.Education is such an available resource in our country that we don’t even think twice about it. We are inevitable taking it for granted. When did such knowledge become common place to us? There are times when I visit my great-grandparents house, and they start telling me all sorts of stories about how they didn’t even get to complete more than a third grade education, because they had to stop going to school in order to support their families. That was their reality; not having that education as available to them as other kids did.The richer, white families of that time period where the only ones who could afford to send their children to school on a daily basis, some even going as far as to ensure that their child received a quality college education. It often came down to that; money. In the end, it will always be the richer families, or even the richest countries that can afford to educate their youth. In lower-income developing nations, going to school is nowhere near a reality. The idea of buying money enough to buy school clothes, shoes, books, paper, encils, and any other supplies necessary for the learning environment is non-existent, because there just isn’t enough money for them to afford it. These are the absolute poorest places in the world; particularly Africa . Every time I turn on a television, regardless of what channel I may be watching, I am almost guaranteed to see a commercial about a charity trying to raise money to support the children in Africa . It’s heartbreaking, to say the least, to see the sad expressions on their sallow faces. I think to myself, that’s not what I was doing when I was 5 or 6. I was outside, playing in the yard, or stuffing my face with ice cream.I wasn’t worried about where my next meal would come from, or whether or not my only water source was toxic enough to kill me. The sa ddest thing I can remember about my younger days is when my parents forced me off the jungle gym to do my homework, because I like any other kid my age, hated reading and writing. Not because it was hard, or even that I was being required to do it; I hated reading and writing because that’s what we always did. Every day, for most of my day, the teacher had us reading directions aloud and writing spelling words and sentences over and over and over again.However, had I switched places with one of those sad-faced kids in Africa , they would have never complained about the amount of reading and writing required of them. They would have relished every single second of the knowledge that they gained in hopes of one day using it to help their families get to a better place. In those types of countries, literacy is to them as it was to us back when the only people who could afford to learn where the ones who didn’t have to work from sunrise to sunset in order to keep their fam ilies from starving.There, education is one of the most valuable resources, because so few have access to it. I remember learning in an economics class that the less you had of a product, the more valuable it became, like diamonds or oil, and vice versa; the more you have of a product, the less valuable it becomes. That’s what happened to our value on literacy in America . Before, when only a few people were awarded the privilege of learning how to read and write, everyone wanted it. I guess you could almost compare it to fads in today’s society.Whenever we see our favorite A-list celebrities wearing this bag or that hat, we rush out to the nearest boutique, and pay whatever ridiculous price they ask for it. Maybe that’s it. Since literacy and education have become so common place in our society that we have moved on another aspect to occupy our attention. Think about it for a moment. How many people in the United States have a Bachelor’s degree? A Master ’s degree? According to U. S. Census Bureau more than 40% of people 25 years and older in the United States has either a Bachelor’s or a Master’s degree.There’s a saying, â€Å"When everyone is one thing, then no one will be. † Well, in this case when everyone is smart, then no one will be. Since a large enough portion of our population has these degrees, they are slowly starting to lose their value. Even some fast food restaurants are beginning to require that people over a certain age have to have at least a Bachelor’s degree in order to work at their establishment. What does this say for our future? Will we eventually reach a point where even a Doctorate degree holds no value in our economy?What will that mean for the homeless people, or those individuals with learning disabilities, or even people who just have a genuinely hard time keeping up with their course load? Will they be weeded out as Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution s uggests â€Å"Only the strong survive†? But in this case, the strongest are defined by their intelligence. Will they all eventually starve due to the fact that they can’t find a job, because standards are set so high? If the current trend continues, I think it’s definitely possible that eventually even the Doctorate degree will hold no real value.Especially with the way our counselor’s motivate us. They tell us that it’s not just enough to get an â€Å"old-fashioned† 4-year degree anymore, because that’s what everyone has already. No, if we want to compete in the job market, we have to set ourselves above that bar. Logically, that supports my hypothesis. Just think about it for a second. You’re telling an entire generation of kids that the generation that came before them did the now-average-thing by attending four-year institutions.Now we have to go up and beyond that, by obtaining our graduate degrees, and if we really want t o raise the bar, going as far as to earn our Doctorate. Where does that leave the generation that comes after us? In the same position we find ourselves in now. The problem with our country is not that we take literacy for granted. On the contrary, we are steadily improving and bettering ourselves by pushing each generation to do better than the last. Our problem lies with the fact that eventually; there will be no more up to go.

Why I Am A Singer - 1279 Words

Setting my suitcase and bags next to my bed, I looked around seeing that most of the things were placed as they were two months ago. Summer break recently ended and class was scheduled to resume on Monday. It was my last year here at Maxwell College of Arts and I could already tell that this year was going to be stressful. Being 21, almost 22 in September, I was ready to take on life. Ever since I was 15, I knew I wanted to be a singer. I wanted to share my music with others and be the one who spreads inspiration from one to another. However, I didn t necessarily know how to get there. The first step was moving to New York, which was one of the best decisions that I have ever made. Yes, I did love living in the suburbs of Chicago, but†¦show more content†¦I know, I whispered. Enough of this. Are you excited about graduating this year? My grandmother squealed. I rolled my eyes, but couldn t help but smile. My grandmother was everything to me, she was the light of my world and was always the one there for me. She may be 80 years old, but she was a 21-year-old at heart. Y know sweetheart, you should go out have fun before school starts. You sound so tense. Just stressed, Grandma, I replied while unpacking. I need to write songs for my final projects and- Rose, the semester didn t even start yet and you re already stressing. She chuckled. Just go have fun will you? I sighed, Okay, but I can t guarantee that ll go all out. Fine by me. Just have fun, okay? Rosabelle did you hear?! Screamed my roommate, Violet, as she barged into our dorm. Hey, Grandma, H have to go. I ll talk to you later, okay? Bye sweetheart! Stay safe. I will, bye! I said and turned to Violet.Vi, we literally just got back from break. How can you possibly already hear some gossip. I giggled. Oh well, Carly heard from Ashley, who heard from her fuck toy, who is frien- Vi, I get it. Just tell me. I laughed. Everyone has the one friend who just happen to love gossip, unfortunately for me, it was Violet. So do you know the music program you re in and how there s always a celebrity mentor? She asked. Maxwell College of Arts provided the music program a mentor, however, every year