Alcohol Addiction Essay

It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the problem of addiction, which affects many individuals, families and communities e rattlingday. This set ab reveal is going to look at the prevalence of addiction in Scotland and what the sparing Government ar proposing to do to reduce the dam fester motiond by addiction. there are many another(prenominal) stakeholders in the scheme to make Scotland a infract place these are individuals themselves, friends, family, communities, local governments and the National Health Service. Everyone is working together to try and make Scotland a better and safer place to live.The definition of addiction has changed so many times over the years from when great deal believed that addiction was basically a physiological adaptation to the posture of a drug in the body so that the absence of the drug leads to physiological dysfunction which is manifest to the sufferer as unpleasant or veritable(a) life-threatening withdrawal symptoms (West an d Hardy, 2006). This definition howeve takes into consideration the idea that an addiction only has a physiological effect on the body rather than a psychological one. Now, addiction is to be delimitate as a syndrome at the centre of which is impaired control over a behaviour, and this loss of control is leading to substantial harm (West and Hardy, 2006). One of the main reasons that the definition has changed so many times is the particular that addiction is socially defined rather than having a matter of fact definition of an object.It has been arrange that everyone is addicted to something however, it may not be an illegal substance. It can range from anything that is immediately harmful like drugs to some other substances that work dangerous in larger quantities. Many people wee sound addicted to things such as exercise, food and gambling. Although these do not seem to be dangerous, addiction is more of a lifestyle and therefore addicts normally only live to get their next fix. So if done too oftentimes can become harmful, for example, sickting on too much weight from eating a lot of food is psychologically damaging as soundly as bad for your mental wellness. Whereas shopping and gambling can ensnare you in serious money debt, which in turn may cause a distress and psychological problems.Although there are many different types of addiction this es narrate is going to look at alcoholic beverageism in particular. An alcoholic is defined as a person who has a tolerance for alcohol, they are dependent on alcohol, and the develop withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is terminated (Bennett and Holloway, 2005). Unlike other substances alcoholics tend to start in lower doses and work up to higher. In the UK, the recommended daily intake of alcohol, for men is 21 and women are 14 units. However, in 2008, it was found that 50% of men and 30% of women are regularly inebriation of the sensible drinking guidelines. Because of this, the Scottish Government has started to make many changes to the way alcohol is interchange. This essay will look at the different effects that alcohol addiction has on a persons life and what strategies the Government incur put in to place.Many look intoes have taken place to determine whether or not there is a single gene that can decide whether a person will become dependant on alcohol in their life and without any proof it is understood that there is no genes that can do work this. However, there are countless factors that influence the prevalence of a person becoming an alcoholic from the environment they live in to the choices they make. In recent research carried out by the Scottish Government it was found that One in 4 women consume alcohol during pregnancy.Foetuses can become dependent on the alcohol that the mother is drinking throughout the pregnancy. This can likewise mean that the foetus can develop some kind of alcohol related stimulate defects, such a malformations, growth retardation a nd abnormalities, which have considerable individual variation. The environment that a child grows up in also plays a component in the way a person views alcohol. If a child grows up with parents who are either alcoholics themselves it is very likely that the child will start drinking at a childlyer age so therefore increasing their risk of alcohol dependency in later years.It has been found that male and females fight back differently to addiction, as women tend to start at lower doses than men, however they are increase their dosage at a higher rate than men. This is calm the same when it comes down to dealing with addiction, women are more like to go and get help than men.With lack of quality education in the most strip areas of Scotland many people are unemployed. It is these people with no real life prospects that turn to alcohol. With alcohol dependency being more of a lifestyle, an addicts life is very chaotic, only reservation sure they have enough money for the alcoho l they need. Addiction can also be difficult for family and social life, as addicts are usually unable to look after children or other family member. This can lead to breakdown of families and communities, which can add more violence to an area. The government have estimated that alcohol misuse costs Scotland 2.25 billion every year. This figure includes all of the social problems that alcohol misuse creates. For instance paying for the NHS to treat people who have had accidents while being intoxicated or domestic abuse cause by alcohol. In the policy the government aimed to reduce the alcohol related hospital admission by 2011.(Scot Gov, 2011)Scotland is well known around the world for the drinking and the whisky that the country produces. In a study that was carried out by Biggar Economics (Blackett, G. 2013) in 2012, it found that the whisky industry employs a massive 10,284 workers in Scotland and had a turnover of 3,940 million in 2008. A survey was carried out to find if Scots enjoy a night better if they are drinking alcohol. It showed that 32% of people said that they found it easier and of the 32%, 42% of them were men. In the UK alone Scotland has the highest mortality rate out of each country. Scotland (26 deaths per 100,000 people) has double the amount of deaths by alcohol than England (13 deaths per 100,000 people). To reduce alcohol related violence the government put forward legislation to stop nightclubs from serving their drinks in supplyes and serve them in plastic cups instead. This meant that let people were being injured from broken glass being thrown.Changing Scotlands family relationship with Alcohol A Framework for Action (2009) is a follow on policy from a, well received by the public, discussion paper, Changing Scotlands Relationship with Alcohol, where they proposed different ways to reduce alcohol misuse in Scotland. The policy states that alcohol is a big problem than anybody realised withmany factor contri scarcelying to it su ch as, socio-economic, cultural, educational, community-based, health-related, or linked to individual behaviors and choices (Sturgeon, N. 2009). The main stakeholders of the policy are the Scottish Government, local Governments, health organisations (NHS), individuals and the alcohol trade market. The policy starts by stating the main reason that the alcohol misuse is becoming such a problem in Scotland, which is the fact that it has become so affordable, it is now 70% more affordable than in 1980 (Sturgeon, N. 2009).The main aim of the policy is to reduce alcohol consumption by supporting individuals and communities by improving their own attitude towards the ever-growing problem of alcohol misuse. The first thing that the government want to do is ban off-sales from selling alcohol as a loss leader to bring customers into their premise. The way to enforce this was to introduce a minimum price per unit of alcohol. This also meant that shops could no longer advertise alcohol based o n price reduction alone. Another aim of the policy was to raise the legal age for buying alcohol from off sale to 21. There were mixed votes, with were in favour (Sturgeon, N. 2009). In a test run of the project in Cupar, Stenhousemuir and Armadale, only running on Friday and Saturday evening, it was found that there was a reduction in anti-social areas in all three area. However, with so many people being against it the Scottish Government have refrained from putting this in force. plan for action on alcohol problems update (2007) is policy written by the Scottish government as an update of the Plan for action on alcohol problems (2002). The main stakeholders of this policy are the Scottish Government, Local Government, the Scottish education system, individuals, health organisations (NHS) and the alcohol trade industry. One of the first aims of the policy is to educate adolescent people about the dangers of alcohol and alcohol misuse. This is in hope that if they educate the youn g people then when they grow up and become the age of legally being able to drunk that they will have enough knowledge and education to be able to handle it with care and therefore reducing alcohol misuse in the future. The Scottish government have introduced the Alcohol. Dont Push It campaign, set out to not only educating the young people but everyone of all ages not to abuse alcohol but rather to have it as part of a healthy, balanced lifestyle. TheScottish Government has put in 13 million over 2005/06 and 2006/07 to support local alcohol treatment, support and prevention activities (Kerr, A. 2007).This shows that they are trying to tackle local authorities to ensure that they have the knowledge and support to be able to educe their alcohol misuse problems themselves. It has been found that the number of liquor licences in Scotland has increased by 23%(Kerr, A. 2007). This is making alcohol more and more accessible meaning that people are able to drink to so much excess with alc ohol being sold in off-licenses, supermarkets, pubs and little local shops. Alcohol-related industries are estimated to employ around 155,000 people (6% of tot up employment in Scotland) (Kerr, A. 2007) This means that a lot of peoples livelihood relies on the production and sale of alcohol in Scotland and if sales decrease too much these people lose out. The UK Government receives taxes of 7% of total Customs and Excise revenue (Kerr, A. 2007) from alcohol alone. This means that if the alcohol sales were to go down they would lose out on money however, saying that they would also save the money that they currently spend on the restoring the problems that alcohol misuse cause, such as treating people that have illnesses relating to alcohol.When providing alcohol all premises have to have a license to allow the to do this. The Alcohol Etc. (Scotland) Act 2010 was written by the Scottish Government to ensure that all premises were following the laws and regulations of their license. The main stakeholders in this act are the Scottish Government and the alcohol sales industry. The act outlines the rule and regulations for the sale and pricing of alcohol. The act states that if A package containing twain or more alcoholic products (whether of the same or different kinds) may only be sold on the premises at a price equal to or greater than the sum of the prices at which each alcoholic product is for sale on the premises (Anon. 2011).This means that if two products are packaged together that they must be sold for at least the price of the products if they were sold individually if they are also sold separately on the same premises. The act also states that a premise must have a scheme in place to make sure that age verification is being carried. Many place take the Think 25 approach, where they must ask verification of anyone who looks aged 25 or under. This is to ensure that young people who look olderthan they are are being checked for identification. This is on e way the Scottish Government are trying to reduce the underage drinking in Scotland.Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012 was put into place to ensure that alcohol was not being sold at too much of a reduced price. The reason for this is to stop alcohol being made too accessible, especially to people who are not able to afford the necessities such as food, water and safe shelter. An equation was put in to place to ensure that everyone was complying with the same legislation, it was MPU x S x V x 100 (Anon. 2011). MPU is utmost price per unit, S is Strength of the Alcohol and V is the Volume of alcohol.In conclusion of this essay, alcohol misuse is still a major problem in Scotland to this day but with the leadership of the government and the help of every individual, community and local government then hopefully in the future we can say that Scotland is still as social and hospitable as ever. The only change will be that there is a decrease in the deaths, injuries and soc ial problems cause by alcohol.REFERENCESBennett, T. and Holloway, K. 2005. _Understanding drugs, alcohol and crime_. Maidenhead Open University Press.Drink Aware. 2013. _Alcohol Dependence_. online acquirable at http//www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-dependence.Unknown. 2003. _Percentages of Past Year Alcohol Dependence or Abuse among Adults Aged 21 or Older, by Age at First Use_. image online Available at http//www.samhsa.gov/data/2k4/ageDependence/ageDependence.htm.Scot Gov. 2011. _Varying risk of crime proportion of adults who were victims of crime by area deprivation_. image online Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/10/28142346/5.West, R. and Hardy, A. 2006. _Theory of addiction_. Oxford Blackwell Pub./Addiction Press.Ford, K. Unknown. Understanding of the use of alcohol in pregnancy amongst women in Scotland. published by General Register Office. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/1753 56/0066306.pdfKerr, A. 2007. Plan for action on alcohol problems update. Published by the Scottish Executive. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/02/19150222/0Sturgeon, N. 2009. Changing Scotlands Relationship with Alcohol A Framework for Action. Published by the Scottish Government. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/262905/0078610.pdfAnon. 2010. Alcohol etc. (Scotland) Act 2010. Published by the Scottish Government. Available at http//www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2010/18/contentsAnon. 2012. Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012. Published by the Scottish Government. Available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Health/Services/Alcohol/minimum-pricingScot Gov. 2009. Tackling alcohol misuse. Published by the Scottish Government. Available athttp//www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2009/03/02085300Blackett, G. 2013. Contribution of the Scotch Whisky Industry to the Scottish Economy. Published by Biggar Economics. Available at http//reidfound ation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Whisky-and-the-Scottish-Economy-BiGGAR-Economics-Nov12.pdf8